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The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

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Listed:
  • Jana Jurkovičová

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Katarína Hirošová

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Diana Vondrová

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Martin Samohýl

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Zuzana Štefániková

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Alexandra Filová

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Ivana Kachútová

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Jana Babjaková

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Ľubica Argalášová

    (Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia)

Abstract

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Suggested Citation

  • Jana Jurkovičová & Katarína Hirošová & Diana Vondrová & Martin Samohýl & Zuzana Štefániková & Alexandra Filová & Ivana Kachútová & Jana Babjaková & Ľubica Argalášová, 2021. "The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:909-:d:484465
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rosario Ferrer-Cascales & Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo & Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo & Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez & Ana Laguna-Pérez & Ana Zaragoza-Martí, 2018. "Eat or Skip Breakfast? The Important Role of Breakfast Quality for Health-Related Quality of Life, Stress and Depression in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Insil Jang & Ji-Su Kim, 2019. "Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Related to Metabolic Syndrome in College Students: A Cross-Sectional Secondary Data Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Jinseok Kim & Jin-Won Noh & Ahraemi Kim & Young Dae Kwon, 2019. "Relationships between Sleep Patterns, Health Risk Behaviors, and Health Outcomes among School-Based Population of Adolescents: A Panel Analysis of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-9, June.
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