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Energy Drinks Consumption Associated with Emotional and Behavioural Problems via Lack of Sleep and Skipped Breakfast among Adolescents

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  • Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska

    (Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia)

  • Daniela Husarova

    (Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia)

  • Michaela Kosticova

    (Institute of Social Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia)

Abstract

The aim of our study was to explore whether energy drink consumption is associated with both emotional and behavioural problems and whether this association might be mediated by amount of sleep and breakfast consumption among adolescents. The nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, realised in 2018 in Slovakia in schools, was used to acquire needed data, with the research sample of 8405 adolescents from 11 to 15 years old (mean age = 13.43; 50.9% boys) who completed the questionnaires on their own in a presence of researchers and research assistants. Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed by a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, while energy drinks consumption, breakfast consumption and sleep duration was assessed by questions in line with the HBSC study protocol. Linear regression models assessed the associations between energy drinks consumption and emotional and behavioural problems. Mediation by sleep duration and breakfast consumption was assessed with parallel mediation models. Energy drink consumption was significantly associated with emotional ( p < 0.001) and behavioural problems ( p < 0.001), with higher consumption of energy drinks leading to more emotional and behavioural problems. Results from a parallel mediation analysis indicated that energy drink consumption is indirectly related to both emotional and behavioural problems through its relationship with the amount of sleep and breakfast consumption. Parents and professionals working with adolescents should be aware that unhealthy dietary habits and lack of sleep might be related to emotional and behavioural problems.

Suggested Citation

  • Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska & Daniela Husarova & Michaela Kosticova, 2021. "Energy Drinks Consumption Associated with Emotional and Behavioural Problems via Lack of Sleep and Skipped Breakfast among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6055-:d:568906
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. So Young Kim & Songyong Sim & Hyo Geun Choi, 2017. "High stress, lack of sleep, low school performance, and suicide attempts are associated with high energy drink intake in adolescents," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(11), pages 1-12, November.
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    3. Chris Roberts & J. Freeman & O. Samdal & C. Schnohr & M. Looze & S. Nic Gabhainn & R. Iannotti & M. Rasmussen, 2009. "The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: methodological developments and current tensions," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(2), pages 140-150, September.
    4. Rosario Ferrer-Cascales & Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo & Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo & Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez & Ana Laguna-Pérez & Ana Zaragoza-Martí, 2018. "Eat or Skip Breakfast? The Important Role of Breakfast Quality for Health-Related Quality of Life, Stress and Depression in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-10, August.
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    6. Jana Holubcikova & Peter Kolarcik & Andrea Madarasova Geckova & Eva Joppova & Jitse P. Dijk & Sijmen A. Reijneveld, 2017. "Young adolescents who combine alcohol and energy drinks have a higher risk of reporting negative behavioural outcomes," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(3), pages 379-386, April.
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