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Breakfast Nutritional Quality and Cognitive Interference in University Students from Mexico City

Author

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  • Reyna Sámano

    (Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Lomas Virreyes, Ciudad de México CP 11000, México)

  • Carmen Hernández-Chávez

    (Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Lomas Virreyes, Ciudad de México CP 11000, México)

  • Gabriela Chico-Barba

    (Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Lomas Virreyes, Ciudad de México CP 11000, México
    Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad Panamericana, Augusto Rodin 498, Insurgentes Mixcoac, Alcaldía Benito Juárez CP 03920, México)

  • Armando Córdova-Barrios

    (Coordinación de Psicología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Lomas Virreyes, Ciudad de México CP 11000, México)

  • Mayela Morales-del-Olmo

    (Universidad del Valle de México-Chapultepec, Avenida Observatorio 400, 16 de Septiembre, Ciudad de México CP 11810, México)

  • Hortensia Sordo-Figuero

    (Universidad del Valle de México-Chapultepec, Avenida Observatorio 400, 16 de Septiembre, Ciudad de México CP 11810, México)

  • Miguel Hernández

    (Universidad del Valle de México-Chapultepec, Avenida Observatorio 400, 16 de Septiembre, Ciudad de México CP 11810, México)

  • Carmen Merino-Palacios

    (Universidad del Valle de México-Chapultepec, Avenida Observatorio 400, 16 de Septiembre, Ciudad de México CP 11810, México)

  • Lucero Cervantes-Zamora

    (Universidad del Valle de México-Chapultepec, Avenida Observatorio 400, 16 de Septiembre, Ciudad de México CP 11810, México)

  • Hugo Martínez-Rojano

    (Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México CP 11340, México
    Coordinación de Medicina Laboral, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Francisco de P, Miranda 177, col. Unidad Lomas de Plateros Alcaldía Álvaro Obregón C.P, Ciudad de México 01480, México)

Abstract

Skipping breakfast might have an impact on cognitive functions, such as interference, which is a basic capacity of executive functions that denotes the possibility of controlling an automated response. This study aimed to analyze the association between nutritional quality of breakfast and cognitive interference in a sample of university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted, a total of 422 students between 18 and 25 years participated. Cognitive interference was assessed with the Stroop Test. Breakfast was assessed with a questionnaire assigning a score for each serving of each food group that was consumed. Logistic regression models were performed. The performance in cognitive tasks was slower in those who had a poor breakfast (32.9 ± 6 vs 29.3 ± 6 s, p < 0.050). Poor cognitive interference was greater in students with poor breakfast (53% versus 23%, p = 0.001). A slower word reading was associated with skipping vegetables (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 0.09–2.13), and cereals (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.03–2.81). Wrong color identification was associated with skipping fruits (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.43–1.99) and animal protein sources (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07–2.49). Skipping fat-rich cereals was a protector factor (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36–0.85). Difficulty in the ability to inhibit interference was associated with skipping vegetables (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.25–4.80) and cereals (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.28–4.68). The nutritional quality of breakfast was associated with the time spent answering the Stroop test, but not with cognitive interference.

Suggested Citation

  • Reyna Sámano & Carmen Hernández-Chávez & Gabriela Chico-Barba & Armando Córdova-Barrios & Mayela Morales-del-Olmo & Hortensia Sordo-Figuero & Miguel Hernández & Carmen Merino-Palacios & Lucero Cervant, 2019. "Breakfast Nutritional Quality and Cognitive Interference in University Students from Mexico City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:15:p:2671-:d:251815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Erin L Faught & Doug Gleddie & Kate E Storey & Colleen M Davison & Paul J Veugelers, 2017. "Healthy lifestyle behaviours are positively and independently associated with academic achievement: An analysis of self-reported data from a nationally representative sample of Canadian early adolesce," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-14, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. María Dolores Salas-González & María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan & Aránzazu Aparicio & Laura M. Bermejo & Viviana Loria-Kohen & Rosa M. Ortega & Ana M. López-Sobaler, 2023. "Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-18, January.

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