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The Manic Idea Creator? A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Bipolar Disorder and Creative Cognitive Potential

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  • Boris Forthmann

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany)

  • Karin Kaczykowski

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany)

  • Mathias Benedek

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria)

  • Heinz Holling

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany)

Abstract

Even though a relationship between psychopathology and creativity has been postulated since the time of ancient Greece, systematic meta-analyses on this topic are still scarce. Thus, the meta-analysis described here can be considered the first to date that specifically focuses on the relationship between creative potential, as measured by divergent thinking, and bipolar disorder, as opposed to psychopathology in general. An extensive literature search of 4670 screened hits identified 13 suitable studies, including a total of 42 effect sizes and 1857 participants. The random-effects model showed an overall significant, positive, yet diminutively small effect ( d = 0.11, 95% CI: [0.002, 0.209], p = 0.045) between divergent thinking and bipolar disorder. A handful of moderators were examined, which revealed a significant moderating effect for bipolar status, as either euthymic ( d = 0.14, p = 0.043), subclinical ( d = 0.17, p = 0.001), manic ( d = 0.25, p = 0.097), or depressed ( d = −0.51, p < 0.001). However, moderator analyses should be treated with caution because of the observed confounding of moderators. Finally, none of the employed methods for publication-bias detection revealed any evidence for publication bias. We discuss further results, especially regarding the differences between subclinical and clinical samples.

Suggested Citation

  • Boris Forthmann & Karin Kaczykowski & Mathias Benedek & Heinz Holling, 2023. "The Manic Idea Creator? A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Bipolar Disorder and Creative Cognitive Potential," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-39, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:13:p:6264-:d:1184198
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. Miroshnik, Kirill G. & Forthmann, Boris & Karwowski, Maciej & Benedek, Mathias, 2023. "The relationship of divergent thinking with broad retrieval ability and processing speed: A meta-analysis," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    3. Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, 2010. "Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 36(i03).
    4. Konstantopoulos, Spyros, 2011. "Fixed Effects and Variance Components Estimation in Three-Level Meta-Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers 5678, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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