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Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers

Author

Listed:
  • Francisco Cuenca-Fernández

    (Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Jesús J. Ruiz-Navarro

    (Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Marek Polach

    (Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Palacký University Olomouc, 77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
    Department for Competitive Swimming, Czech Swimming Federation, 16017 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Raúl Arellano

    (Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Dennis-Peter Born

    (Section for High-Performance Sports, Swiss Swimming Federation, 3063 Bern, Switzerland
    Department for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland)

Abstract

Turn performances are important success factors for short-course races, and more consistent turn times may distinguish between higher and lower-ranked swimmers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine coefficients of variation (CV) and performance progressions (∆%) of turn performances. The eight finalists and eight fastest swimmers from the heats that did not qualify for the semi-finals, i.e., from 17th to 24th place, of the 100, 200, 400, and 800 (females only)/1500 m (males only) freestyle events at the 2019 European Short Course Championships were included, resulting in a total of 64 male (finalists: age: 22.3 ± 2.6, FINA points: 914 ± 31 vs. heats: age: 21.5 ± 3.1, FINA points: 838 ± 74.9) and 64 female swimmers (finalists: age: 22.9 ± 4.8, FINA points: 904 ± 24.5 vs. heats: age: 20.1 ± 3.6, FINA points: 800 ± 48). A linear mixed model was used to compare inter- and intra-individual performance variation. Interactions between CVs, ∆%, and mean values were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed impaired turn performances as the races progressed. Finalists showed faster turn section times than the eight fastest non-qualified swimmers from the heats ( p < 0.001). Additionally, turn section times were faster for short-, i.e., 100 and 200 m, than middle- and long-distance races, i.e., 400 to 1500 m races ( p < 0.001). Regarding variation in turn performance, finalists showed lower CVs and ∆% for all turn section times (0.74% and 1.49%) compared to non-qualified swimmers (0.91% and 1.90%, respectively). Similarly, long-distance events, i.e., 800/1500 m, showed lower mean CVs and higher mean ∆% (0.69% and 1.93%) than short-distance, i.e., 100 m events (0.93% and 1.39%, respectively). Regarding turn sections, the largest CV and ∆% were found 5 m before wall contact (0.70% and 1.45%) with lower CV and more consistent turn section times 5 m after wall contact (0.42% and 0.54%). Non-qualified swimmers should aim to match the superior turn performances and faster times of finalists in all turn sections. Both finalists and non-qualified swimmers should pay particular attention to maintaining high velocities when approaching the wall as the race progresses.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Cuenca-Fernández & Jesús J. Ruiz-Navarro & Marek Polach & Raúl Arellano & Dennis-Peter Born, 2022. "Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5033-:d:798472
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tomohiro Gonjo & Bjørn Harald Olstad, 2020. "Race Analysis in Competitive Swimming: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Óscar López-Belmonte & Ana Gay & Jesús J. Ruiz-Navarro & Francisco Cuenca-Fernández & Ángela González-Ponce & Raúl Arellano, 2022. "Pacing profiles, variability and progression in 400, 800 and 1500-m freestyle swimming events at the 2021 European Championship," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 90-101, January.
    3. Matteo Cortesi & Giorgio Gatta & Giovanni Michielon & Rocco Di Michele & Sandro Bartolomei & Raffaele Scurati, 2020. "Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-11, March.
    4. Bjørn Harald Olstad & Henrik Wathne & Tomohiro Gonjo, 2020. "Key Factors Related to Short Course 100 m Breaststroke Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-16, August.
    5. Lourdes Sánchez & Raúl Arellano & Francisco Cuenca-Fernández, 2021. "Analysis and influence of the underwater phase of breaststroke on short-course 50 and 100m performance," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(3), pages 307-323, May.
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