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Biological Age in Relation to Somatic, Physiological, and Swimming Kinematic Indices as Predictors of 100 m Front Crawl Performance in Young Female Swimmers

Author

Listed:
  • Kamil Sokołowski

    (Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland)

  • Marek Strzała

    (Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland)

  • Arkadiusz Stanula

    (Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland)

  • Łukasz Kryst

    (Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland)

  • Artur Radecki-Pawlik

    (Institute of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Piotr Krężałek

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland)

  • Thomas Rosemann

    (Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Beat Knechtle

    (Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
    Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland)

Abstract

Background: Some swimmers reach high performance level at a relatively young age. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between adolescent female swimmers’ 100 m front crawl race ( V t o t a l 100 ) and several anthropometry, body composition, and physiological and specific strength indices. Methods: Nineteen adolescent female swimmers were examined for biological age ( BA ) and body composition. Oxygen uptake was measured during water-flume stage-test front crawl swimming with ventilatory thresholds examination. Specific strength indices were assessed during 30 s of tethered swimming. Stroke rate ( SR ), stroke length ( SL ), and stroke index ( SI ) were also examined. Results: BA was strongly correlated with anthropometrics and tethered swimming strength indices, and showed moderate to strong correlation with ventilatory thresholds. Speed of swimming in the race was moderately to largely correlated with speed at V ˙ O 2 m a x − V V ˙ O 2 m a x (r = 0.47–0.55; p < 0.05)—ventilatory thresholds ( V A T , V R C P ) (r = 0.50–0.85; p < 0.05), SL (r = 0.58–0.62; p < 0.05), and SI (r = 0.79–0.81; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Results confirmed a significant role of biological maturation mediation on body composition and body size, ventilatory indices, and specific strength indices. BA was not a significant mediation factor influencing the swimming kinematics ( SL, SI ) and speeds of V A T , V R C P or V V ˙ O 2 m a x , which were strong predictors of the 100 m race.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamil Sokołowski & Marek Strzała & Arkadiusz Stanula & Łukasz Kryst & Artur Radecki-Pawlik & Piotr Krężałek & Thomas Rosemann & Beat Knechtle, 2021. "Biological Age in Relation to Somatic, Physiological, and Swimming Kinematic Indices as Predictors of 100 m Front Crawl Performance in Young Female Swimmers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6062-:d:568941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matteo Cortesi & Giorgio Gatta & Giovanni Michielon & Rocco Di Michele & Sandro Bartolomei & Raffaele Scurati, 2020. "Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-11, March.
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