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Key Factors Related to Short Course 100 m Breaststroke Performance

Author

Listed:
  • Bjørn Harald Olstad

    (Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway)

  • Henrik Wathne

    (Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway)

  • Tomohiro Gonjo

    (Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway)

Abstract

Background and aim: To identify kinematic variables related to short course 100 m breaststroke performance. Methods: An automatic race analysis system was utilized to obtain start (0–15 m), turn (5 m before the wall until 10 m out), finish (95–100 m), and clean swimming (the rest of the race) segment times as well as cycle rate and cycle length during each swimming cycle from 15 male swimmers during a 100 m breaststroke race. A bivariate correlation and a partial correlation were employed to assess the relationship between each variable and swimming time. Results: Turns were the largest time contributor to the finishing time (44.30 ± 0.58%), followed by clean swimming (38.93 ± 0.50%), start (11.39 ± 0.22%), and finish (5.36 ± 0.18%). The finishing time was correlated ( p < 0.001) with start segment time (r = 0.979), clean swimming time (r = 0.940), and 10 m turn-out time (r = 0.829). The clean swimming time was associated with the finishing time, but cycle rate and cycle length were not. In both start and turns, the peak velocity (i.e., take-off and push-off velocity) and the transition velocity were related to the segment time (r ≤ −0.673, p ≤ 0.006). Conclusions: Breaststroke training should focus on: (I) 15 m start with generating high take-off velocity, (II) improving clean swimming velocity by finding an optimal balance between cycle length and rate, (III) 10 m turn-out with maintaining a strong wall push-off, and (IV) establishing a high transition velocity from underwater to surface swimming.

Suggested Citation

  • Bjørn Harald Olstad & Henrik Wathne & Tomohiro Gonjo, 2020. "Key Factors Related to Short Course 100 m Breaststroke Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-16, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6257-:d:405213
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yifan Liu & Gang Lu & Junke Chen & Qigang Zhu, 2021. "Exploration of Internal and External Factors of Swimmers’ Performance Based on Biofluid Mechanics and Computer Simulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Francisco Cuenca-Fernández & Jesús J. Ruiz-Navarro & Marek Polach & Raúl Arellano & Dennis-Peter Born, 2022. "Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, April.
    3. Francisco Hermosilla & Ross Sanders & Fernando González-Mohíno & Inmaculada Yustres & José M González-Rave, 2021. "Effects of Dry-Land Training Programs on Swimming Turn Performance: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, September.
    4. Tomohiro Gonjo & Bjørn Harald Olstad, 2020. "Race Analysis in Competitive Swimming: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, December.

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