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Body Composition in International Sprint Swimmers: Are There Any Relations with Performance?

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  • Milivoj Dopsaj

    (Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
    Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Blagoja Parovića ul. 156, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Ilona Judita Zuoziene

    (Faculty of Sports Biomedicine, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Radoje Milić

    (Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova ul. 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Evgeni Cherepov

    (Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

  • Vadim Erlikh

    (Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

  • Nerijus Masiulis

    (Faculty of Sports Biomedicine, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Andrea di Nino

    (ADN Swim Project, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Janez Vodičar

    (Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova ul. 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

Abstract

The paper addresses relations between the characteristics of body composition in international sprint swimmers and sprint performance. The research included 82 swimmers of international level (N = 46 male and N = 36 female athletes) from 8 countries. We measured body composition using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance methods with “InBody 720” device. In the case of male swimmers, it was established that the most important statistically significant correlation with sprint performance is seen in variables, which define the quantitative relationship between their fat and muscle with the contractile potential of the body (Protein-Fat Index, r = 0.392, p = 0.007; Index of Body Composition, r = 0.392, p = 0.007; Percent of Skeletal Muscle Mass, r = 0.392, p = 0.016). In the case of female athletes, statistically significant relations with sprint performance were established for variables that define the absolute and relative amount of a contractile component in the body, but also with the variables that define the structure of body fat characteristics (Percent of Skeletal Muscle Mass, r = 0.732, p = 0.000; Free Fat Mass, r = 0.702, p = 0.000; Fat Mass Index, r = −0.642, p = 0.000; Percent of Body Fat, r = −0.621, p = 0.000). Using Multiple Regression Analysis, we managed to predict swimming performance of sprint swimmers with the help of body composition variables, where the models defined explained 35.1 and 75.1% of the mutual variability of performance, for male and female swimmers, respectively. This data clearly demonstrate the importance of body composition control in sprint swimmers as a valuable method for monitoring the efficiency of body adaptation to training process in order to optimize competitive performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Milivoj Dopsaj & Ilona Judita Zuoziene & Radoje Milić & Evgeni Cherepov & Vadim Erlikh & Nerijus Masiulis & Andrea di Nino & Janez Vodičar, 2020. "Body Composition in International Sprint Swimmers: Are There Any Relations with Performance?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9464-:d:463823
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beat Knechtle & Athanasios A. Dalamitros & Tiago M. Barbosa & Caio Victor Sousa & Thomas Rosemann & Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis, 2020. "Sex Differences in Swimming Disciplines—Can Women Outperform Men in Swimming?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Matteo Cortesi & Giorgio Gatta & Giovanni Michielon & Rocco Di Michele & Sandro Bartolomei & Raffaele Scurati, 2020. "Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Milivoj Dopsaj & Filip Kukić & Marina Đorđević-Nikić & Nenad Koropanovski & Dragan Radovanović & Dragan Miljuš & Dane Subošić & Milena Tomanić & Violeta Dopsaj, 2020. "Indicators of Absolute and Relative Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass during Adulthood and Ageing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Jorge E Morais & António J Silva & Daniel A Marinho & Mário C Marques & Tiago M Barbosa, 2016. "Effect of a specific concurrent water and dry-land training over a season in young swimmers’ performance," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(3), pages 760-775, December.
    5. Jackie Vavrek & R. Daniel Machin & Hirofumi Tanaka, 2012. "Progression of Athletic Performance in Age-Group Swimmers in the Past 50 Years," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 608-613, December.
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