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The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context

Author

Listed:
  • Elisa Cavicchiolo

    (Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Maurizio Sibilio

    (Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Fabio Lucidi

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Mauro Cozzolino

    (Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Andrea Chirico

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Laura Girelli

    (Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Sara Manganelli

    (National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), 00153 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesco Giancamilli

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Federica Galli

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Pierluigi Diotaiuti

    (Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Arnaldo Zelli

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Luca Mallia

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Tommaso Palombi

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Dario Fegatelli

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Flavia Albarello

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Fabio Alivernini

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Background: Motivation to engage in physical activity plays a central role in ensuring the health of the population. The present study investigated the psychometric properties and validity in Italy of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3), a widely used instrument for assessing individuals’ motivation to exercise based on self-determination theory (SDT). Methods: A large sample (N = 2222; females = 55.4%; M age = 36.4 years, SD age = 13.9, min = 20, max = 69) of young people, and middle aged and older adults completed the Italian translation of the BREQ-3, also indicating their intentions to exercise in the following weeks. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the posited six-factor structure of the BREQ-3 fitted the data well (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04) and provided evidence for full measurement invariance across gender and different age groups. The construct validity of the BREQ-3 was supported by the latent correlations among the subscales, which were consistent with the quasi-simplex pattern theorized by SDT. The overall level of self-determination and the intention to exercise were positively correlated, providing evidence for the criterion validity of the scale. Conclusions: The Italian version of the BREQ-3 has proved to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the behavioral regulation of exercise in individuals with different demographic characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisa Cavicchiolo & Maurizio Sibilio & Fabio Lucidi & Mauro Cozzolino & Andrea Chirico & Laura Girelli & Sara Manganelli & Francesco Giancamilli & Federica Galli & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Arnaldo Zelli , 2022. "The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:1937-:d:745387
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. F Rodrigues & R Macedo & DS Teixeira & L Cid & D Monteiro, 2020. "Motivation in sport and exercise: a comparison between the BRSQ and BREQ," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1335-1350, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Giulio Verrienti & Cecilia Raccagni & Ginevra Lombardozzi & Daniela De Bartolo & Marco Iosa, 2023. "Motivation as a Measurable Outcome in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of the Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-25, February.
    2. Federica Galli & Francesco Giancamilli & Tommaso Palombi & Jacopo Antonino Vitale & Stefano Borghi & Alessandra De Maria & Elisa Cavicchiolo & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Antonio La Torre & Arnaldo Zelli & , 2022. "Anxiety, Motives, and Intention for Physical Activity during the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown: An Observational Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-9, April.
    3. Rogério Salvador & Diogo Monteiro & Ricardo Rebelo-Gonçalves & Ruth Jiménez-Castuera, 2023. "Interpersonal Behavior, Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, Eating Behavior, and Body Image in Gym/Fitness Exercisers: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Maria Ferrara & Elisa Langiano & Lavinia Falese & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Cristina Cortis & Elisabetta De Vito, 2022. "Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-17, May.

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