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Interpersonal Behavior, Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, Eating Behavior, and Body Image in Gym/Fitness Exercisers: A Systematic Review

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  • Rogério Salvador

    (ESECS Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
    Quality of Life Research Centre, 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal)

  • Diogo Monteiro

    (ESECS Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
    Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, 5000-558 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Ricardo Rebelo-Gonçalves

    (ESECS Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
    Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), University of Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Ruth Jiménez-Castuera

    (Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain)

Abstract

Background: Body image seems to be a determining factor in the behavior and satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of exercise practitioners in gyms and fitness centers, and may influence motivation, interpersonal behavior, and eating behavior. This review aims to examine possible patterns between the variables under study in a gym/fitness context, specifically considering if body image perception has a determinant factor. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Psycnet were consulted and only data published between 2007 and 2021 were considered in the present review. After an initial search of 1373 records, a total of 6 were considered eligible for a detailed analysis after checking for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: There is a positive relationship between body image dissatisfaction and less self-determined forms of motivation, as well as the adoption of less healthy eating behaviors. Younger participants have higher levels of body image dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating behaviors. Conclusions: Body image dissatisfaction leads to less self-determined forms of motivation for exercise in the context of gyms and fitness centers. On the other hand, a negative perception of body image can also lead to sustained patterns of less regulated forms of exercise and less healthy eating behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Rogério Salvador & Diogo Monteiro & Ricardo Rebelo-Gonçalves & Ruth Jiménez-Castuera, 2023. "Interpersonal Behavior, Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, Eating Behavior, and Body Image in Gym/Fitness Exercisers: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:14914-:d:1260674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elisa Cavicchiolo & Maurizio Sibilio & Fabio Lucidi & Mauro Cozzolino & Andrea Chirico & Laura Girelli & Sara Manganelli & Francesco Giancamilli & Federica Galli & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Arnaldo Zelli , 2022. "The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.
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