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Anxiety, Motives, and Intention for Physical Activity during the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown: An Observational Longitudinal Study

Author

Listed:
  • Federica Galli

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Francesco Giancamilli

    (Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Tommaso Palombi

    (Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Jacopo Antonino Vitale

    (IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy)

  • Stefano Borghi

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Alessandra De Maria

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy)

  • Elisa Cavicchiolo

    (Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Pierluigi Diotaiuti

    (Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Antonio La Torre

    (IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
    Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Arnaldo Zelli

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy)

  • Fabio Lucidi

    (Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Roberto Codella

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
    Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy)

  • Andrea Chirico

    (Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led governments to adopt strict containment measures to avoid spreading the virus. These essential measures led to home confinement that influenced both the physical and mental health of populations. Physical activity plays a key role in preventing chronic diseases and promoting protective psychological factors. In the context of a lockdown, understanding the motives that guide people to enact physical activity is an important issue for public health. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between autonomous motivation and physical activity, considering the role of behavioral intention and anxiety in a longitudinal moderated mediation model. Methods: Italian participants (N = 86; mean age = 29.74, standard deviation = 9.74; female = 53.5%) completed a booklet composed of different questionnaires (motivation, intention, anxiety, and physical activity) 3 weeks apart. Results: The hypothesized model is supported by the evidence; both autonomous motivation and intention are direct predictors of physical activity. The results also show that the direct effect of autonomous motivation on physical activity is stronger in participants with low anxiety, while high levels of anxiety are a significant moderator of the intention–behavior relation. Conclusions: In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach should be promoting methods and infrastructures to permit people to adhere to physical activity, as a front line against any health emergency.

Suggested Citation

  • Federica Galli & Francesco Giancamilli & Tommaso Palombi & Jacopo Antonino Vitale & Stefano Borghi & Alessandra De Maria & Elisa Cavicchiolo & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Antonio La Torre & Arnaldo Zelli & , 2022. "Anxiety, Motives, and Intention for Physical Activity during the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown: An Observational Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-9, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4689-:d:792844
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    2. Elisa Cavicchiolo & Maurizio Sibilio & Fabio Lucidi & Mauro Cozzolino & Andrea Chirico & Laura Girelli & Sara Manganelli & Francesco Giancamilli & Federica Galli & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Arnaldo Zelli , 2022. "The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Jacopo Antonino Vitale & Matteo Bonato & Stefano Borghi & Carmelo Messina & Domenico Albano & Sabrina Corbetta & Luca Maria Sconfienza & Giuseppe Banfi, 2020. "Home-Based Resistance Training for Older Subjects during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Preliminary Results of a Six-Months RCT," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.
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    2. Gro Hilde Ramsdal & Rolf Wynn, 2022. "Theoretical Basis for a Group Intervention Aimed at Preventing High School Dropout: The Case of ‘Guttas Campus’," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Roberto Codella & Andrea Chirico, 2023. "Physical Inactivity and Depression: The Gloomy Dual with Rising Costs in a Large-Scale Emergency," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-5, January.
    4. Maria Ferrara & Elisa Langiano & Lavinia Falese & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Cristina Cortis & Elisabetta De Vito, 2022. "Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-17, May.

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