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Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Lung Function in Children with Asthma: A Mediation Analysis

Author

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  • Giovanna Cilluffo

    (National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
    Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
    These authors should be considered joint first author.)

  • Giuliana Ferrante

    (Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
    These authors should be considered joint first author.)

  • Nicola Murgia

    (Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy)

  • Rosanna Mancini

    (National Center on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Simona Pichini

    (National Center on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Cuffari

    (Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Sicily, 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Vittoria Giudice

    (Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Sicily, 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Nicolò Tirone

    (Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Sicily, 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Velia Malizia

    (National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
    National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Laura Montalbano

    (National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
    National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Salvatore Fasola

    (National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
    National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Roberta Pacifici

    (National Center on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Giovanni Viegi

    (National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
    National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Trieste 41, 56126 Palermo, Italy
    These authors should be considered joint senior author.)

  • Stefania La Grutta

    (National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
    National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
    These authors should be considered joint senior author.)

Abstract

Studies investigating the association between urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and asthma in children provided inhomogeneous results. We aimed to use Mediation Analysis to discover whether a link between urinary PAHs and lung function exists and if it might be ascribed to a direct or a symptom-mediated (indirect) effect in children with asthma. This single-center prospective study was conducted in Palermo, Italy, between March and July 2017 and involved 50 children with persistent mild-moderate asthma, aged 6–11 years. At each time visit (day 0, 30, 60, and 90), physical examination, spirometry, and urine collection for detection of urinary cotinine and PAHs were performed. A symptom score was computed. The sum of individually calculated molar mass of nine PAH metabolites (ΣPAH), naphthalene metabolites (ΣPAHn) and phenanthrene metabolites (ΣPAHp) were calculated. Three children withdrew from the study due to technical problems ( n = 1) and adverse events ( n = 2). PAHs indirect effects on FEV 1 (ΣPAH: −0.011, p = 0.04; ΣPAH n : −0.011, p = 0.04; ΣPAH p : −0.012, p < 0.001) and FVC (ΣPAH: −0.012, p = 0.02; ΣPAH n : −0.0126, p = 0.02; ΣPAH p : −0.013, p < 0.001) were statistically significant. In conclusion, PAHs exposures have significant indirect (symptom-mediated) effects on lung function, emphasizing the role of PAHs-induced respiratory morbidity in decreasing lung function in children with asthma.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanna Cilluffo & Giuliana Ferrante & Nicola Murgia & Rosanna Mancini & Simona Pichini & Giuseppe Cuffari & Vittoria Giudice & Nicolò Tirone & Velia Malizia & Laura Montalbano & Salvatore Fasola & R, 2022. "Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Lung Function in Children with Asthma: A Mediation Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1826-:d:742929
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Angelica I. Tiotiu & Plamena Novakova & Denislava Nedeva & Herberto Jose Chong-Neto & Silviya Novakova & Paschalis Steiropoulos & Krzysztof Kowal, 2020. "Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-29, August.
    2. Sotiris Vardoulakis & Evanthia Giagloglou & Susanne Steinle & Alice Davis & Anne Sleeuwenhoek & Karen S. Galea & Ken Dixon & Joanne O. Crawford, 2020. "Indoor Exposure to Selected Air Pollutants in the Home Environment: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-24, December.
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