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The Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Severity among Residents Living near the Main Industrial Complex in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Souad Mahmoud Al Okla

    (College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 391, Sohar 321, Oman
    Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus P.O. Box 30621, Syria)

  • Fatima Al Zahra Khamis Al Rasbi

    (College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 391, Sohar 321, Oman)

  • Hawida Said Al Marhubi

    (College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 391, Sohar 321, Oman)

  • Shima Salim Al Mataani

    (College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 391, Sohar 321, Oman)

  • Yusra Mohammed Al Sawai

    (College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 391, Sohar 321, Oman)

  • Hasa Ibrahim Mohammed

    (Liwa Extended Health Center, Ministry of Health, Liwa 325, Oman)

  • Muna Ali Salim Al Mamari

    (Liwa Extended Health Center, Ministry of Health, Liwa 325, Oman)

  • Salwa Abdullah Abdulrahim Al Balushi

    (Falaj Al Qabail Health Center, Sohar 321, Oman)

  • Abdul Qader Abbady

    (Division of Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus P.O. Box 6091, Syria
    Department of Biology and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Damascus, Syria)

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a widespread chronic respiratory disease that poses a significant public health challenge. The current study investigated the associations between air pollution and asthma severity among individuals residing near the Sohar industrial port (SIP) in Oman. Despite the presence of multiple major industrial complexes in Oman, limited knowledge regarding their impact on respiratory health is accredited. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to offer valuable insights into the respiratory health consequences of industrial air pollution in Al Batinah North. Methods: The state health clinics’ records for patient visits related to asthma were collected for the timeframe spanning 2014 to 2022. Exposure was defined as the distance from the SIP, Majan Industerial Area (MIA), and Sohar Industerial Zone (SIZ) to determine high-, intermediate-, and low-exposure zones (<6 km, 6–12 km and >12 km, respectively). Exposure effect modifications by age, gender, and smoking status were also examined. Results: The conducted cross-sectional study of 410 patients (46.1% males and 53.9% females) living in over 17 areas around SIP revealed that 73.2% of asthmatics were under 50 years old, with severity significantly associated with closeness to the port. Risk ratios were estimated to be (RR:2.42; CI95%: 1.01–5.78), (RR:1.91; CI95%: 1.01–3.6), and (RR:1.68; CI95%: 0.92–3.09) for SIP, MIP, and SIZ areas, respectively, compared to the control area. Falaj Al Qabail (6.4 km) and Majees (6 km) had the highest number of asthma patients ( N 69 and N 72) and highest percentages of severe asthma cases among these patients (28% and 24%) with significant risk ratios (RR:2.97; CI95%: 1.19–7.45 and RR:2.55; CI95%: 1.00–6.48), correspondingly. Moreover, severe asthma prevalence peaked in the 25–50 age group (RR:2.05; CI95%: 1.26–3.33), and this linkage between asthma and age was much more pronounced in males than females. Smoking and exposure to certain contaminants (dust and smoke) also increased the risk of severe asthma symptoms, but their effects were less important in the high-risk zone, suggesting much more important risk factors. A neural network model accurately predicted asthma risk (94.8% accuracy), with proximity to SIP as the most influential predictor. Conclusions: This study highlights the high asthma burden near SIP, linked to port proximity, smoking, and wind direction as major risk factors. These findings inform vital public health policies to reduce air pollution and improve respiratory health in the region, prompting national policy review.

Suggested Citation

  • Souad Mahmoud Al Okla & Fatima Al Zahra Khamis Al Rasbi & Hawida Said Al Marhubi & Shima Salim Al Mataani & Yusra Mohammed Al Sawai & Hasa Ibrahim Mohammed & Muna Ali Salim Al Mamari & Salwa Abdullah , 2024. "The Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Severity among Residents Living near the Main Industrial Complex in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(5), pages 1-26, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:5:p:553-:d:1384095
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kelton Mock & Anton M. Palma & Jun Wu & John Billimek & Kim D. Lu, 2022. "Breathing Room: Industrial Zoning and Asthma Incidence Using School District Health Records in the City of Santa Ana, California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-12, April.
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    4. Pablo Orellano & Nancy Quaranta & Julieta Reynoso & Brenda Balbi & Julia Vasquez, 2017. "Effect of outdoor air pollution on asthma exacerbations in children and adults: Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(3), pages 1-15, March.
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