IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i3p1152-d729424.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determinants of Hypertension amongst Rice Farmers in West Java, Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono

    (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Laila Fitria

    (Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Doni Hikmat Ramdhan

    (Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Fitriyani Fitriyani

    (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Sifa Fauzia

    (Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Susan Woskie

    (Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854-2867, USA)

Abstract

The hypertension rate in Indonesia has increased significantly in the past five years, but there is limited information about the hypertension risk of farmers. Our study assesses the prevalence of hypertension in this population and examines the proportional risk of various work environment and lifestyle factors among farmers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in high and low heat stress agriculture areas of West Java, Indonesia. There were 354 male farmers aged 25 to 73 years old who participated in the study. We measured blood pressure and used a questionnaire on self-reported use of anti-hypertension drugs or diagnosis by a medical professional to define hypertension. We assessed occupational factors including farming methods, heat stress and pesticide use, and personal factors including obesity, food intake, smoking status, alcohol consumption. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate factors potentially associated with prevalence of hypertension. Forty-six percent of farmers experience hypertension. Farming in a location with higher heat stress (WBGT) was significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 1.95). Farmers who used pesticide sprayers had an increased risk of hypertension (aPR 1.90, 95% CI 0.93, 3.87). No personal/lifestyle characteristics were significantly associated with hypertension, although ever smoking and ever consuming alcohol had an increased prevalence of hypertension. This study shows the importance of work environmental factors in the prevalence of hypertension and the necessity of public health education, identification and treatment of this “silent killer” among Indonesian farmers.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono & Laila Fitria & Doni Hikmat Ramdhan & Fitriyani Fitriyani & Sifa Fauzia & Susan Woskie, 2022. "Determinants of Hypertension amongst Rice Farmers in West Java, Indonesia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-13, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1152-:d:729424
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1152/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1152/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Konstantinos Demos & Eleni Sazakli & Eleni Jelastopulu & Nikolaos Charokopos & John Ellul & Michalis Leotsinidis, 2013. "Does Farming Have an Effect on Health Status? A Comparison Study in West Greece," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Pongsit Boonruksa & Thatkhwan Maturachon & Pornpimol Kongtip & Susan Woskie, 2020. "Heat Stress, Physiological Response, and Heat-Related Symptoms among Thai Sugarcane Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Laila Fitria & Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono & Doni Hikmat Ramdhan & Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono & Pornpimol Kongtip & Susan Woskie, 2020. "Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in West Javanese Rice Farmers, Indonesia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Pornpimol Kongtip & Noppanun Nankongnab & Nichcha Kallayanatham & Ritthirong Pundee & Jutharak Yimsabai & Susan Woskie, 2020. "Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-12, June.
    5. Pornpimol Kongtip & Noppanun Nankongnab & Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul & Ariya Bunngamchairat & Jutharak Yimsabai & Aranya Pataitiemthong & Susan Woskie, 2018. "A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lucas David & Michel Streith & Audrey Michaud & Michaël Dambrun, 2024. "Organic and Conventional Farmers’ Mental Health: A Preliminary Study on the Role of Social Psychological Mediators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Pornpimol Kongtip & Noppanun Nankongnab & Nichcha Kallayanatham & Ritthirong Pundee & Jutharak Yimsabai & Susan Woskie, 2020. "Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-12, June.
    3. Kristina Jakobsson & Jason Glaser & Catharina Wesseling, 2020. "Prevalence Studies on CKDu Need Stringent Reporting on Outcomes to Enhance Comparability," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-3, September.
    4. Luca Tomassini & Massimo Lancia & Angela Gambelunghe & Abdellah Zahar & Niccolò Pini & Cristiana Gambelunghe, 2024. "Exploring the Nexus of Climate Change and Substance Abuse: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-12, July.
    5. T.D.K.S.C. Gunasekara & P. Mangala C.S. De Silva & Chula Herath & Sisira Siribaddana & Nipuna Siribaddana & Channa Jayasumana & Sudheera Jayasinghe & Maria Cardenas-Gonzalez & Nishad Jayasundara, 2020. "The Utility of Novel Renal Biomarkers in Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-21, December.
    6. Laila Fitria & Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono & Doni Hikmat Ramdhan & Susan Woskie, 2020. "Reply to “Comment on Fitria et al. ‘Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in West Javanese Rice Farmers, Indonesia’ Int. J. Environ. Re," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-4, October.
    7. Sara Arphorn & Aniruth Manothum & Kotchakorn Santiwung & Kanograt Pangunta & Kunio Hara & Tomohiro Ishimaru, 2021. "Working Conditions and Urinalysis Dipstick Testing among Female Rice Farmers: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-10, August.
    8. I-Cheng Lu & Chen-Cheng Yang & Chi-Hsien Huang & Szu-Ying Chen & Chi-Wei Lin & Chia-Hsiang Lin & Hung-Yi Chuang, 2022. "The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-9, November.
    9. I. D. U. H. Piyathilake & J. L. P. C. Randika & R. M. K. T. Rathnayaka & E. P. N. Udayakumara & L. V. Ranaweera & S. K. Gunatilake & C. B. Dissanayake, 2022. "Socio-economic determinants of Chronic Kidney Diseases of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 12(4), pages 782-793, December.
    10. Sean D. Moore, 2021. "Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest ( Thaumatotibia leucotreta ): A Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-19, January.
    11. Dian Mardhiyah & Wan Nedra Komaruddin & Fasli Nedra Jalal & Sri Wuryanti & Syukrini Bahri & Qomariah Qomariah & Insan Sosiawan & Himmi Marsiati & Legiono Legiono & Harliansyah Hanif & Susan Woskie & P, 2021. "Comparison of Thyroid Hormone Levels between Women Farmers and Non-Farmers in Banten Indonesia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    12. Pornpimol Kongtip & Noppanun Nankongnab & Nichcha Kallayanatham & Ritthirong Pundee & Nattagorn Choochouy & Jutharak Yimsabai & Susan Woskie, 2019. "Thyroid Hormones in Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-13, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1152-:d:729424. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.