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The Utility of Novel Renal Biomarkers in Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Review

Author

Listed:
  • T.D.K.S.C. Gunasekara

    (Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka)

  • P. Mangala C.S. De Silva

    (Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka
    Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Chula Herath

    (Department of Nephrology, Sri Jayawardenapura General Hospital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 10100, Sri Lanka)

  • Sisira Siribaddana

    (Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka)

  • Nipuna Siribaddana

    (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka)

  • Channa Jayasumana

    (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka)

  • Sudheera Jayasinghe

    (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka)

  • Maria Cardenas-Gonzalez

    (Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Mexican Council of Science and Technology, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City 03940, Mexico)

  • Nishad Jayasundara

    (The Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
    The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA)

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a globally prevalent non-communicable disease with significant mortality and morbidity. It is typically associated with diabetes and hypertension; however, over the last two decades, an emergence of CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) has claimed thousands of lives in several tropical agricultural communities. CKDu is associated with gradual loss of renal function without initial symptoms until reaching complete kidney failure and eventually death. The most impacted are young adult males of lower socio-economic strata. Since the disease progression can be successfully attenuated through early detection, the development of superior screening and management measures is of utmost importance. In contrast to the conventional biomarkers, novel biomarkers with improved sensitivity and specificity are being discussed as promising tools for early diagnosis of the disease. This review summarizes emerging novel biomarkers used in assessing CKD and discusses the current utility and diagnostic potential of such biomarkers for CKDu screening in clinical settings of different communities impacted by CKDu. Our goal is to provide a framework for practitioners in CKDu impacted regions to consider the use of these novel biomarkers through this synthesis. The increased use of these biomarkers will not only help to validate their diagnostic power further and establish potential prognostic value but may also provide critical insights into sites and mechanisms of renal damage.

Suggested Citation

  • T.D.K.S.C. Gunasekara & P. Mangala C.S. De Silva & Chula Herath & Sisira Siribaddana & Nipuna Siribaddana & Channa Jayasumana & Sudheera Jayasinghe & Maria Cardenas-Gonzalez & Nishad Jayasundara, 2020. "The Utility of Novel Renal Biomarkers in Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9522-:d:464858
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. de Silva, M.W. Amarasiri & Albert, Steven M. & Jayasekara, J.M.K.B., 2017. "Structural violence and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 184-195.
    2. Laila Fitria & Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono & Doni Hikmat Ramdhan & Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono & Pornpimol Kongtip & Susan Woskie, 2020. "Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in West Javanese Rice Farmers, Indonesia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Kafle, Kashi & Balasubramanya, Soumya & Horbulyk, Ted, 2019. "Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka: a profile of affected districts reliant on groundwater," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 694:133767..
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    Cited by:

    1. E. M. D. V. Ekanayake & T. D. K. S. C. Gunasekara & P. Mangala C. S. De Silva & Sudheera Jayasinghe & E. P. S. Chandana & Nishad Jayasundara, 2022. "Applicability of Novel Urinary Biomarkers for the Assessment of Renal Injury in Selected Occupational Groups in Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study with Conventional Markers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, April.
    2. K.S.M. Abdul & P. Mangala C.S. De Silva & E.M.D.V. Ekanayake & W.A.K.G. Thakshila & S.D. Gunarathna & T.D.K.S.C. Gunasekara & S.S. Jayasinghe & H.B. Asanthi & E.P.S. Chandana & G.G.T. Chaminda & S.H. , 2021. "Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-18, March.

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