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Relationships between Occupational Stress, Change in Work Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Non-Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Yasuhiko Deguchi

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Shinichi Iwasaki

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Akihiro Niki

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Aya Kadowaki

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Tomoyuki Hirota

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Yoshiki Shirahama

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Yoko Nakamichi

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Yutaro Okawa

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Yuki Uesaka

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

  • Koki Inoue

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan)

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the effect of occupational stress and changes in the work environment on non-healthcare workers’ (HCWs) mental health during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 16 to 17 December 2020. Data from 807 non-HCWs were included. We evaluated occupational stress using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, respectively. We collected demographic variables, work-related variables, and the variables associated with COVID-19. The adjusted odds ratios for depressive and anxiety groups were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusted for all the demographic variables, work-related variables, COVID-19-related variables, and the six subdivided GJSQ subscales. The results confirm a relationship between variance in workload, job future ambiguity, social support from coworkers, having contact with COVID-19 patients, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Paying attention to job future ambiguity, the variance in workload at the workplace and individual perspectives, promoting contact and support among coworkers using online communication tools, and reducing contact with COVID-19 patients, will be useful for decreasing the depressive and anxiety symptoms among non-HCWs.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasuhiko Deguchi & Shinichi Iwasaki & Akihiro Niki & Aya Kadowaki & Tomoyuki Hirota & Yoshiki Shirahama & Yoko Nakamichi & Yutaro Okawa & Yuki Uesaka & Koki Inoue, 2022. "Relationships between Occupational Stress, Change in Work Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Non-Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:983-:d:725844
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yasuhiko Deguchi & Shinichi Iwasaki & Masaru Kanchika & Tomoko Nitta & Tomoe Mitake & Yukako Nogi & Aya Kadowaki & Akihiro Niki & Koki Inoue, 2018. "Gender differences in the relationships between perceived individual-level occupational stress and hazardous alcohol consumption among Japanese teachers: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Yasuhiko Deguchi & Shinichi Iwasaki & Akihito Konishi & Hideyuki Ishimoto & Koichiro Ogawa & Yuichi Fukuda & Tomoko Nitta & Koki Inoue, 2016. "The Usefulness of Assessing and Identifying Workers’ Temperaments and Their Effects on Occupational Stress in the Workplace," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, May.
    3. Yufei Li & Nathaniel Scherer & Lambert Felix & Hannah Kuper, 2021. "Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Yeli Wang & Monica Palanichamy Kala & Tazeen H Jafar, 2020. "Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(12), pages 1-27, December.
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