IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i2p899-d724550.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Price Using a Time-Varying High-Order Moment Hybrid Model of NAGARCHSK and Gated Recurrent Unit Network

Author

Listed:
  • Po Yun

    (School of Economics and Management, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China)

  • Chen Zhang

    (School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China)

  • Yaqi Wu

    (School of Economics, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

  • Yu Yang

    (School of Economics and Management, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China)

Abstract

The carbon market is recognized as the most effective means for reducing global carbon dioxide emissions. Effective carbon price forecasting can help the carbon market to solve environmental problems at a lower economic cost. However, the existing studies focus on the carbon premium explanation from the perspective of return and volatility spillover under the framework of the mean-variance low-order moment. Specifically, the time-varying, high-order moment shock of market asymmetry and extreme policies on carbon price have been ignored. The innovation of this paper is constructing a new hybrid model, NAGARCHSK-GRU, that is consistent with the special characteristics of the carbon market. In the proposed model, the NAGARCHSK model is designed to extract the time-varying, high-order moment parameter characteristics of carbon price, and the multilayer GRU model is used to train the obtained time-varying parameter and improve the forecasting accuracy. The results conclude that the NAGARCHSK-GRU model has better accuracy and robustness for forecasting carbon price. Moreover, the long-term forecasting performance has been proved. This conclusion proves the rationality of incorporating the time-varying impact of asymmetric information and extreme factors into the forecasting model, and contributes to a powerful reference for investors to formulate investment strategies and assist a reduction in carbon emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Po Yun & Chen Zhang & Yaqi Wu & Yu Yang, 2022. "Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Price Using a Time-Varying High-Order Moment Hybrid Model of NAGARCHSK and Gated Recurrent Unit Network," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:899-:d:724550
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/899/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/899/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Seifert, Jan & Uhrig-Homburg, Marliese & Wagner, Michael, 2008. "Dynamic behavior of CO2 spot prices," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 180-194, September.
    2. Chevallier, Julien, 2011. "Detecting instability in the volatility of carbon prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 99-110, January.
    3. Benz, Eva & Trück, Stefan, 2009. "Modeling the price dynamics of CO2 emission allowances," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 4-15, January.
    4. Han, Meng & Ding, Lili & Zhao, Xin & Kang, Wanglin, 2019. "Forecasting carbon prices in the Shenzhen market, China: The role of mixed-frequency factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 69-76.
    5. Kim, Hyun Seok & Koo, Won W., 2010. "Factors affecting the carbon allowance market in the US," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 1879-1884, April.
    6. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4210 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Byun, Suk Joon & Cho, Hangjun, 2013. "Forecasting carbon futures volatility using GARCH models with energy volatilities," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 207-221.
    8. Robert F. Engle & Simone Manganelli, 2004. "CAViaR: Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk by Regression Quantiles," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 22, pages 367-381, October.
    9. Sun, Wei & Huang, Chenchen, 2020. "A novel carbon price prediction model combines the secondary decomposition algorithm and the long short-term memory network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    10. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Le, TN-Lan & Leyva-de la Hiz, Dante I., 2021. "Markov-switching dependence between artificial intelligence and carbon price: The role of policy uncertainty in the era of the 4th industrial revolution and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    11. Gary Koop & Lise Tole, 2013. "Forecasting the European carbon market," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 176(3), pages 723-741, June.
    12. Chevallier, Julien, 2009. "Carbon futures and macroeconomic risk factors: A view from the EU ETS," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 614-625, July.
    13. Huang, Yumeng & Dai, Xingyu & Wang, Qunwei & Zhou, Dequn, 2021. "A hybrid model for carbon price forecastingusing GARCH and long short-term memory network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    14. Aktar, Asikha & Alam, Md. Mahmudul & Al-Amin, Abul Quasem, 2021. "Global Economic Crisis, Energy Use, CO2 Emissions and Policy Roadmap amid COVID-19," OSF Preprints 69kje, Center for Open Science.
    15. Oberndorfer, Ulrich, 2009. "EU Emission Allowances and the stock market: Evidence from the electricity industry," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 1116-1126, February.
    16. Po Yun & Chen Zhang & Yaqi Wu & Xianzi Yang & Zulfiqar Ali Wagan, 2020. "A Novel Extended Higher-Order Moment Multi-Factor Framework for Forecasting the Carbon Price: Testing on the Multilayer Long Short-Term Memory Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, March.
    17. Wen, Fenghua & Zhao, Haocen & Zhao, Lili & Yin, Hua, 2022. "What drive carbon price dynamics in China?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    18. Jianguo Zhou & Shiguo Wang, 2021. "A Carbon Price Prediction Model Based on the Secondary Decomposition Algorithm and Influencing Factors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, March.
    19. Quande Qin & Huangda He & Li Li & Ling-Yun He, 2020. "A Novel Decomposition-Ensemble Based Carbon Price Forecasting Model Integrated with Local Polynomial Prediction," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 55(4), pages 1249-1273, April.
    20. Daskalakis, George & Psychoyios, Dimitris & Markellos, Raphael N., 2009. "Modeling CO2 emission allowance prices and derivatives: Evidence from the European trading scheme," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1230-1241, July.
    21. Zhang, Chen & Yun, Po & Wagan, Zulfiqar Ali, 2019. "Study on the wandering weekday effect of the international carbon market based on trend moderation effect," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 319-327.
    22. repec:dau:papers:123456789/5110 is not listed on IDEAS
    23. Zhu, Bangzhu & Ye, Shunxin & Wang, Ping & He, Kaijian & Zhang, Tao & Wei, Yi-Ming, 2018. "A novel multiscale nonlinear ensemble leaning paradigm for carbon price forecasting," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 143-157.
    24. Ajay K. Dhamija & Surendra S. Yadav & PK Jain, 2017. "Forecasting volatility of carbon under EU ETS: a multi-phase study," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 19(2), pages 299-335, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Huang, Wenyang & Wang, Huiwen & Wei, Yigang, 2023. "Identifying the determinants of European carbon allowances prices: A novel robust partial least squares method for open-high-low-close data," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    2. Huang, Wenyang & Zhao, Jianyu & Wang, Xiaokang, 2024. "Model-driven multimodal LSTM-CNN for unbiased structural forecasting of European Union allowances open-high-low-close price," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    3. Peng Ye & Yong Li & Abu Bakkar Siddik, 2023. "Forecasting the Return of Carbon Price in the Chinese Market Based on an Improved Stacking Ensemble Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-39, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wen Zhang & Zhibin Wu, 2022. "Optimal hybrid framework for carbon price forecasting using time series analysis and least squares support vector machine," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(3), pages 615-632, April.
    2. Tan, Xueping & Sirichand, Kavita & Vivian, Andrew & Wang, Xinyu, 2022. "Forecasting European carbon returns using dimension reduction techniques: Commodity versus financial fundamentals," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 944-969.
    3. Fang, Sheng & Lu, Xinsheng & Li, Jianfeng & Qu, Ling, 2018. "Multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis of carbon emission allowance and stock returns," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 509(C), pages 551-566.
    4. Demiralay, Sercan & Gencer, Hatice Gaye & Bayraci, Selcuk, 2022. "Carbon credit futures as an emerging asset: Hedging, diversification and downside risks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    5. Chen, Linfei & Zhao, Xuefeng, 2024. "A multiscale and multivariable differentiated learning for carbon price forecasting," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    6. Tan, Xue-Ping & Wang, Xin-Yu, 2017. "Dependence changes between the carbon price and its fundamentals: A quantile regression approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 306-325.
    7. Wang, Jiqian & Guo, Xiaozhu & Tan, Xueping & Chevallier, Julien & Ma, Feng, 2023. "Which exogenous driver is informative in forecasting European carbon volatility: Bond, commodity, stock or uncertainty?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    8. Ren, Xiaohang & Duan, Kun & Tao, Lizhu & Shi, Yukun & Yan, Cheng, 2022. "Carbon prices forecasting in quantiles," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    9. Gao, Feng & Shao, Xueyan, 2022. "A novel interval decomposition ensemble model for interval carbon price forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    10. Huang, Wenyang & Zhao, Jianyu & Wang, Xiaokang, 2024. "Model-driven multimodal LSTM-CNN for unbiased structural forecasting of European Union allowances open-high-low-close price," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    11. Marc Gronwald & Janina Ketterer & Stefan Trück, 2011. "The Dependence Structure between Carbon Emission Allowances and Financial Markets - A Copula Analysis," CESifo Working Paper Series 3418, CESifo.
    12. Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Sousa, Ricardo M., 2014. "What explain the short-term dynamics of the prices of CO2 emissions?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 122-135.
    13. Huang, Yumeng & Dai, Xingyu & Wang, Qunwei & Zhou, Dequn, 2021. "A hybrid model for carbon price forecastingusing GARCH and long short-term memory network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    14. Nicolas Koch, 2014. "Dynamic linkages among carbon, energy and financial markets: a smooth transition approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(7), pages 715-729, March.
    15. Qin, Chaoyong & Qin, Dongling & Jiang, Qiuxian & Zhu, Bangzhu, 2024. "Forecasting carbon price with attention mechanism and bidirectional long short-term memory network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    16. Li, Houjian & Li, Qingman & Huang, Xinya & Guo, Lili, 2023. "Do green bonds and economic policy uncertainty matter for carbon price? New insights from a TVP-VAR framework," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    17. Chevallier, Julien, 2011. "Evaluating the carbon-macroeconomy relationship: Evidence from threshold vector error-correction and Markov-switching VAR models," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 2634-2656.
    18. Chevallier, Julien, 2011. "A model of carbon price interactions with macroeconomic and energy dynamics," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 1295-1312.
    19. Huang, Wenyang & Wang, Huiwen & Qin, Haotong & Wei, Yigang & Chevallier, Julien, 2022. "Convolutional neural network forecasting of European Union allowances futures using a novel unconstrained transformation method," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    20. Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Gupta, Rangan & de Gracia, Fernando Perez, 2016. "Modeling persistence of carbon emission allowance prices," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 221-226.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:899-:d:724550. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.