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Nitrate in Maternal Drinking Water during Pregnancy and Measures of Male Fecundity in Adult Sons

Author

Listed:
  • Pernille Jul Clemmensen

    (Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Nis Brix

    (Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
    Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Jörg Schullehner

    (Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
    Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
    Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Anne Gaml-Sørensen

    (Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Gunnar Toft

    (Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup

    (Fertility Clinic, The Regional Hospital in Horsens, 8700 Horsens, Denmark)

  • Karin Sørig Hougaard

    (Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
    National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Birgitte Hansen

    (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Torben Sigsgaard

    (Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
    Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
    Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University (CIRRAU), 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Henrik Albert Kolstad

    (Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
    Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen

    (Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

Abstract

Animal studies indicate deleterious effects of nitrate exposure on fecundity, but effects in humans are unknown, both for the prenatal and postnatal periods. We aimed to investigate if exposure to nitrate in maternal drinking water during the sensitive period of fetal life is associated with measures of fecundity in the adult sons. In a sub-analysis, the potential effects of nitrate exposure in adulthood were investigated. This cohort included 985 young adult men enrolled in The Fetal Programming of Semen Quality Cohort (FEPOS). Semen characteristics, testes volume and reproductive hormones were analyzed in relation to nitrate concentration in maternal drinking water, using a negative binomial regression model. The nitrate concentration in drinking water was obtained from monitoring data from Danish waterworks that were linked with the mothers’ residential address during pregnancy. The median nitrate concentration in maternal drinking water was 2 mg/L. At these low exposure levels, which are far below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline value of 50 mg/L, we did not find indications of harmful effects of nitrate on the investigated measures of male fecundity.

Suggested Citation

  • Pernille Jul Clemmensen & Nis Brix & Jörg Schullehner & Anne Gaml-Sørensen & Gunnar Toft & Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg & Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup & Karin Sørig Hougaard & Birgitte Hansen & Torben Sigsgaard, 2022. "Nitrate in Maternal Drinking Water during Pregnancy and Measures of Male Fecundity in Adult Sons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14428-:d:962788
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jörg Schullehner & Leslie Stayner & Birgitte Hansen, 2017. "Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium Variability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Mary H. Ward & Rena R. Jones & Jean D. Brender & Theo M. De Kok & Peter J. Weyer & Bernard T. Nolan & Cristina M. Villanueva & Simone G. Van Breda, 2018. "Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, July.
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