IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i20p3805-d274722.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Rates in North Dakota are Associated with Land and Water Use

Author

Listed:
  • Gary G. Schwartz

    (Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA)

  • Marilyn G. Klug

    (Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA)

Abstract

Objective : The increasing rate of thyroid cancer diagnoses in the U.S. reflects the increasing use of ultrasonography and of specialist medical care. North Dakota is a rural state with limited access to specialist care, yet its incidence of thyroid cancer is significantly greater than that of the U.S. overall. We sought to identify factors responsible for the high incidence of thyroid cancer in North Dakota. Methods : We examined county-specific incidence rates for thyroid cancer in North Dakota in relation to demographic and geographic factors, including median household income, percent of land fertilized, cattle density per capita, and source of drinking water (city or well water), using structural equation modeling. We included county level data on residential radon levels and estimates of radioactive iodine in milk following nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s. Results : Thyroid cancer incidence rates were significantly associated with median income ( p < 0.05); percent of land fertilized ( p < 0.05); the use of city water ( p < 0.01), and cattle density per capita ( p < 0.001). Conclusions : The risk of thyroid cancer in North Dakota is positively associated with income and with factors related to land and water use. Our finding that thyroid cancer incidence rates are associated with the use of city water was unexpected and merits examination in other locations with a mix of city and well water use.

Suggested Citation

  • Gary G. Schwartz & Marilyn G. Klug, 2019. "Thyroid Cancer Incidence Rates in North Dakota are Associated with Land and Water Use," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-8, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3805-:d:274722
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3805/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3805/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mary H. Ward & Rena R. Jones & Jean D. Brender & Theo M. De Kok & Peter J. Weyer & Bernard T. Nolan & Cristina M. Villanueva & Simone G. Van Breda, 2018. "Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tianheng Jiang & Maomao Wang & Wei Zhang & Cheng Zhu & Feijuan Wang, 2024. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in China: Current Status, Risk Assessment and Management Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Letizia Pitto & Francesca Gorini & Fabrizio Bianchi & Elena Guzzolino, 2020. "New Insights into Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Thyroid Diseases: The Epigenetic Way," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Valentina Drozd & Vladimir Saenko & Daniel I. Branovan & Kate Brown & Shunichi Yamashita & Christoph Reiners, 2021. "A Search for Causes of Rising Incidence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents after Chernobyl and Fukushima: Comparison of the Clinical Features and Their Relevance for Treatmen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, March.
    4. Marco Taussi & Caterina Gozzi & Orlando Vaselli & Jacopo Cabassi & Matia Menichini & Marco Doveri & Marco Romei & Alfredo Ferretti & Alma Gambioli & Barbara Nisi, 2022. "Contamination Assessment and Temporal Evolution of Nitrates in the Shallow Aquifer of the Metauro River Plain (Adriatic Sea, Italy) after Remediation Actions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-24, September.
    5. Anusha Ganta & Yasser Bashir & Sovik Das, 2022. "Dairy Wastewater as a Potential Feedstock for Valuable Production with Concurrent Wastewater Treatment through Microbial Electrochemical Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-34, November.
    6. Langhans, Kelley E. & Schmitt, Rafael J.P. & Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca & Anderson, Christopher B. & Vargas Bolaños, Christian & Vargas Cabezas, Fermin & Dirzo, Rodolfo & Goldstein, Jesse A. & Horangic, , 2022. "Modeling multiple ecosystem services and beneficiaries of riparian reforestation in Costa Rica," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    7. Yibin Huang & Yanmei Li & Peter S. K. Knappett & Daniel Montiel & Jianjun Wang & Manuel Aviles & Horacio Hernandez & Itza Mendoza-Sanchez & Isidro Loza-Aguirre, 2022. "Water Quality Assessment Bias Associated with Long-Screened Wells Screened across Aquifers with High Nitrate and Arsenic Concentrations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-23, August.
    8. Gonzalez, Rodrigo Barbone & Haas Ornelas, José Renato & Silva, Thiago Christiano, 2023. "The Value of Clean Water: Evidence from an Environmental Disaster," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13273, Inter-American Development Bank.
    9. Angelo Earvin Sy Choi & Benny Marie B. Ensano & Jurng-Jae Yee, 2021. "Fuzzy Optimization for the Remediation of Ammonia: A Case Study Based on Electrochemical Oxidation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-17, March.
    10. Naiara dos Santos & Dominic Clyde-Smith & Ying Qi & Fan Gao & Rosa Busquets & Luiza C. Campos, 2023. "A Study of Microfiber Phytoremediation in Vertical Hydroponics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    11. Adrián Hernández-Fernández & Eduardo Iniesta-López & Yolanda Garrido & Ioannis A. Ieropoulos & Francisco J. Hernández-Fernández, 2023. "Microbial Fuel Cell Using a Novel Ionic-Liquid-Type Membrane-Cathode Assembly with Heterotrophic Anodic Denitrification for Slurry Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Marijana Savin & Aleksandra Vrkatić & Danijela Dedić & Tomislav Vlaški & Ivana Vorgučin & Jelena Bjelanović & Marija Jevtic, 2022. "Additives in Children’s Nutrition—A Review of Current Events," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-18, October.
    13. Ibrahim Zaganjor & Thomas J. Luben & Tania A. Desrosiers & Alexander P. Keil & Lawrence S. Engel & Adrian M. Michalski & Suzan L. Carmichael & Wendy N. Nembhard & Gary M. Shaw & Jennita Reefhuis & Mah, 2020. "Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Chai, Yuan & J. Pannell, David & G. Pardey, Philip, 2023. "Nudging farmers to reduce water pollution from nitrogen fertilizer," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    15. Kanthilanka, H. & Ramilan, T. & Farquharson, R.J. & Weerahewa, J., 2023. "Optimal nitrogen fertilizer decisions for rice farming in a cascaded tank system in Sri Lanka: An analysis using an integrated crop, hydro-nutrient and economic model," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    16. Pernille Jul Clemmensen & Nis Brix & Jörg Schullehner & Anne Gaml-Sørensen & Gunnar Toft & Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg & Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup & Karin Sørig Hougaard & Birgitte Hansen & Torben Sigsgaard, 2022. "Nitrate in Maternal Drinking Water during Pregnancy and Measures of Male Fecundity in Adult Sons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, November.
    17. Yifan Zhou & Yingying Zhu & Jinyuan Zhu & Chaoran Li & Geng Chen, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review on Wastewater Nitrogen Removal and Its Recovery Processes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-27, February.
    18. Angela DeRidder & Sowjanya Kalluri & Veera Holdai, 2020. "A Retrospective Chart Review Evaluating the Relationship between Cancer Diagnosis and Residential Water Source on the Lower Eastern Shore of Maryland, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-13, December.
    19. Ian D. Buller & Deven M. Patel & Peter J. Weyer & Anna Prizment & Rena R. Jones & Mary H. Ward, 2021. "Ingestion of Nitrate and Nitrite and Risk of Stomach and Other Digestive System Cancers in the Iowa Women’s Health Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-14, June.
    20. Yerbolat Sailaukhanuly & Seitkhan Azat & Makhabbat Kunarbekova & Adylkhan Tovassarov & Kainaubek Toshtay & Zhandos Tauanov & Lars Carlsen & Ronny Berndtsson, 2023. "Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate in Drinking Water with Potential Source Identification: A Case Study in Almaty, Kazakhstan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(1), pages 1-14, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3805-:d:274722. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.