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Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Questionnaire for the Detection of Invisible Violence against Women

Author

Listed:
  • Iria Dobarrio-Sanz

    (Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain)

  • Anabel Fernández-Vargas

    (Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almeria, Spain)

  • Alba Fernández-Férez

    (Distrito Sanitario Almería, 04009 Almeria, Spain)

  • Diana Patricia Vanegas-Coveña

    (Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador)

  • Otilia Vanessa Cordero-Ahiman

    (Grupo de Investigación en Economía Regional (GIER), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador)

  • José Granero-Molina

    (Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
    Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

  • Cayetano Fernández-Sola

    (Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
    Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

  • José Manuel Hernández-Padilla

    (Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain)

Abstract

Background. Invisible violence against women (IVAW) can be understood as the set of attitudes, behaviors, and subtle beliefs that men use to subordinate women and that are culturally accepted. These behaviors can be a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV), so it is important to design tools that allow us to detect it early. The aim of this study was to design and psychometrically assess a questionnaire for the detection of invisible violence against women (Q-IVAW). Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional methodological study carried out in three phases: (1) development of the initial version; (2) pilot study ( N = 51); and (3) final validation study ( N = 990). The tool’s reliability, validity, and legibility were assessed. To assess reliability, the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was analyzed. The validity assessment included an analysis of content, criterion, and construct validity. Results. The EFA revealed that the Q-IVAW was comprised of five factors that explained 55.85% of the total variance found. The Q-IVAW showed very high reliability (α = 0.937), excellent content validity, and good construct validity. The criterion validity analysis showed a moderate correlation between A-IPVAW and Q-IVAW ( r = 0.30; p < 0.001). Conclusion. The psychometric assessment of the Q-IVAW yielded good results, which could support the tool’s ability to assess how often women are subjected to inviable violent behaviors by their partners.

Suggested Citation

  • Iria Dobarrio-Sanz & Anabel Fernández-Vargas & Alba Fernández-Férez & Diana Patricia Vanegas-Coveña & Otilia Vanessa Cordero-Ahiman & José Granero-Molina & Cayetano Fernández-Sola & José Manuel Hernán, 2022. "Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Questionnaire for the Detection of Invisible Violence against Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11127-:d:907303
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Inmaculada Fernández-Antelo & Isabel Cuadrado-Gordillo & Guadalupe Martín-Mora Parra, 2020. "Synergy between Acceptance of Violence and Sexist Attitudes as a Dating Violence Risk Factor," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Nerissa Crombie & Leesa Hooker & Sonia Reisenhofer, 2017. "Nurse and midwifery education and intimate partner violence: a scoping review," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(15-16), pages 2100-2125, August.
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