IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i10p5830-d812733.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Comparison of Particulate Exposure Levels during Taxi, Bus, and Metro Commuting among Four Chinese Megacities

Author

Listed:
  • Ying Zhang

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China)

  • Zhengdong Huang

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China)

  • Jiacheng Huang

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China)

Abstract

Exposure to inhalable particulate matter pollution is a hazard to human health. Many studies have examined the in-transit particulate matter pollution across multiple travel modes. However, limited information is available on the comparison of in-transit exposure among cities that experience different climates and weather patterns. This study aimed to examine the variations in in-cabin particle concentrations during taxi, bus, and metro commutes among four megacities located in the inland and coastal areas of China. To this end, we employed a portable monitoring approach to measure in-transit particle concentrations and the corresponding transit conditions using spatiotemporal information. The results highlighted significant differences in in-cabin particle concentrations among the four cities, indicating that PM concentrations varied in an ascending order of, and the ratios of different-sized particle concentrations varied in a descending order of CS, SZ, GZ, and WH. Variations in in-cabin particle concentrations during bus and metro transits between cities were mainly positively associated with urban background particle concentrations. Unlike those in bus and metro transit, in-cabin PM concentrations in taxi transit were negatively associated with urban precipitation and wind speed. The variations in particle concentrations during the trip were significantly associated with passenger density, posture, the in-cabin location of investigators, and window condition, some of which showed interactive effects. Our findings suggest that improving the urban background environment is essential for reducing particulate pollution in public transport microenvironments. Moreover, optimizing the scheduling of buses and the distribution of bus stops might contribute to mitigating the in-cabin exposure levels in transit. With reference to our methods and insights, policymakers and other researchers may further explore in-transit exposure to particle pollution in different cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Ying Zhang & Zhengdong Huang & Jiacheng Huang, 2022. "A Comparison of Particulate Exposure Levels during Taxi, Bus, and Metro Commuting among Four Chinese Megacities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:10:p:5830-:d:812733
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/10/5830/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/10/5830/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Apparicio, Philippe & Gelb, Jérémy & Carrier, Mathieu & Mathieu, Marie-Ève & Kingham, Simon, 2018. "Exposure to noise and air pollution by mode of transportation during rush hours in Montreal," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 182-192.
    2. Andrew Caplin & Masoud Ghandehari & Chris Lim & Paul Glimcher & George Thurston, 2019. "Advancing environmental exposure assessment science to benefit society," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Le Thi Nhu Ngoc & Minjeong Kim & Vu Khac Hoang Bui & Duckshin Park & Young-Chul Lee, 2018. "Particulate Matter Exposure of Passengers at Bus Stations: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Allison P. Patton & Leonardo Calderon & Youyou Xiong & Zuocheng Wang & Jennifer Senick & MaryAnn Sorensen Allacci & Deborah Plotnik & Richard Wener & Clinton J. Andrews & Uta Krogmann & Gediminas Main, 2016. "Airborne Particulate Matter in Two Multi-Family Green Buildings: Concentrations and Effect of Ventilation and Occupant Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wan Ting Katty Huang & Pierre Masselot & Elie Bou-Zeid & Simone Fatichi & Athanasios Paschalis & Ting Sun & Antonio Gasparrini & Gabriele Manoli, 2023. "Economic valuation of temperature-related mortality attributed to urban heat islands in European cities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Zhai, Yijie & Ma, Xiaotian & Gao, Feng & Zhang, Tianzuo & Hong, Jinglan & Zhang, Xu & Yuan, Xueliang & Li, Xiangzhi, 2020. "Is energy the key to pursuing clean air and water at the city level? A case study of Jinan City, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    3. Wang, Bin & Zacharias, John, 2020. "Noise, odor and passenger density in perceived crowding in public transport," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 215-223.
    4. Tahir Bashir & Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi, 2023. "Combined Effects of Multiple Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure on Allostatic Load Using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-22, May.
    5. Dalia M. Muñoz-Pizza & Mariana Villada-Canela & M. A. Reyna & José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador & Jesús Serrano-Lomelin & Álvaro Osornio-Vargas, 2020. "Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Air Pollution Levels on the Public Perception of Local Air Quality in a Mexico-US Border City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-22, June.
    6. Maria Schulders, 2022. "Co-Creating Smart Cities – Design Thinking for 21st Century Urban Planning," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2), pages 301-315.
    7. Xiaoping Liu & Xiaojiao Wu & Linjing Chen & Rui Zhou, 2018. "Effects of Internal Partitions on Flow Field and Air Contaminant Distribution under Different Ventilation Modes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, November.
    8. Mouter, Niek & Cabral, Manuel Ojeda & Dekker, Thijs & van Cranenburgh, Sander, 2019. "The value of travel time, noise pollution, recreation and biodiversity: A social choice valuation perspective," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    9. Obuks A. Ejohwomu & Majeed Oladokun & Olalekan S. Oshodi & Oyegoke Teslim Bukoye & David John Edwards & Nwabueze Emekwuru & Olumide Adenuga & Adegboyega Sotunbo & Ola Uduku & Mobolanle Balogun & Rose , 2022. "The Exposure of Workers at a Busy Road Node to PM 2.5 : Occupational Risk Characterisation and Mitigation Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Trudeau, Christopher & King, Nicholas & Guastavino, Catherine, 2023. "Investigating sonic injustice: A review of published research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    11. Jaeseok Heo & Yelim Jang & Michael Versoza & Gihwan Kim & Duckshin Park, 2021. "A New Method of Removing Fine Particulates Using an Electrostatic Force," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-10, June.
    12. Jean Marie Buregeya & Philippe Apparicio & Jérémy Gelb, 2020. "Short-Term Impact of Traffic-Related Particulate Matter and Noise Exposure on Cardiac Function," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-15, February.
    13. Reed Ciarloni & K. Bruce Newbold, 2023. "Air Pollution Health Literacy among Active Commuters in Hamilton, Ontario," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-23, July.
    14. Francesca Borghi & Giacomo Fanti & Andrea Cattaneo & Davide Campagnolo & Sabrina Rovelli & Marta Keller & Andrea Spinazzè & Domenico Maria Cavallo, 2020. "Estimation of the Inhaled Dose of Airborne Pollutants during Commuting: Case Study and Application for the General Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-14, August.
    15. María del Carmen Redondo Bermúdez & Rohit Chakraborty & Ross W. Cameron & Beverley J. Inkson & Maria Val Martin, 2023. "A Practical Green Infrastructure Intervention to Mitigate Air Pollution in a UK School Playground," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-24, January.
    16. Zhaolin Cheng & Laijun Zhao & Huiyong Li, 2020. "A Transportation Network Paradox: Consideration of Travel Time and Health Damage due to Pollution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-22, October.
    17. Shengbiao Wu & Bin Chen & Chris Webster & Bing Xu & Peng Gong, 2023. "Improved human greenspace exposure equality during 21st century urbanization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    18. Rehana Shrestha & Klaus Telkmann & Benjamin Schüz & Pramesh Koju & Reshma Shrestha & Biraj Karmacharya & Gabriele Bolte, 2022. "Measuring Environmental Justice in Real Time: A Pilot Study Using Digital Participatory Method in the Global South, Nepal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-21, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:10:p:5830-:d:812733. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.