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Socioeconomic Conditioning of the Development of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Global Spatial Differentiation

Author

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  • Jerzy Bański

    (Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Marcin Mazur

    (Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Wioletta Kamińska

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-346 Kielce, Poland)

Abstract

The COVID pandemic very quickly became the world’s most serious social and economic problem. This paper’s focus is on the spatial aspect of its spread, with the aims being to point to spatial conditioning underpinning development of the pandemic, and to identify and assess possible socio-economic features exerting an impact on that. Particular attention has been paid to the percentage of positive tests for the presence of the coronavirus, as well as mortality due to the disease it causes. The statistics used relate to 102 countries, with the research for each extending from the time first cases of COVID-19 were reported through to 18 November 2020. The focus of investigation has been the stochastic co-occurrence of both a morbidity index and a mortality index, with intentionally selected socio-economic variables. Results have then been summarized through the classification of countries in relation to the two indices. Highest values relate to Latin America. A significant co-occurrence of morbidity and mortality with GDP per capita has been identified, as values for the indices are found to be lower in wealthier countries. The basic conclusion is that the dependency of the pandemic on environmental and socio-economic conditioning became more complex and ambiguous, while also being displaced gradually as concrete political decisions came to be taken.

Suggested Citation

  • Jerzy Bański & Marcin Mazur & Wioletta Kamińska, 2021. "Socioeconomic Conditioning of the Development of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Global Spatial Differentiation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4802-:d:546885
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luis Orea & Inmaculada C. Álvarez, 2020. "How effective has been the Spanish lockdown to battle COVID-19? A spatial analysis of the coronavirus propagation across provinces," Working Papers 2020-03, FEDEA.
    2. Carozzi, Felipe & Provenzano, Sandro & Roth, Sefi, 2020. "Urban Density and COVID-19," IZA Discussion Papers 13440, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Ho Fai Chan & Ahmed Skali & Benno Torgler, 2020. "A Global Dataset of Human Mobility," CREMA Working Paper Series 2020-04, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    4. Felipe Carozzi & Sandro Provenzano & Sefi Roth, 2020. "Urban density and Covid-19," CEP Discussion Papers dp1711, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maria Klonowska-Matynia, 2023. "Do Local Socio-Economic Structures Determine the Spatial Distribution of Human Capital? Analysis of Connections for Rural Areas in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Marcin Mazur & Jerzy Bański & Wioletta Kamińska, 2024. "The Geographical Conditioning of Regional Differentiation Characterising the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(10), pages 1-20, October.
    3. R. V. Goncharov & E. A. Kotov & V. A. Molodtsova, 2024. "Local Factors of COVID-19 Severity in Russian Urban Areas," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 227-239, June.

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