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The Impact of Reduced Training Activity of Elite Kickboxers on Physical Fitness, Body Build, and Performance during Competitions

Author

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  • Tadeusz Ambroży

    (Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland)

  • Łukasz Rydzik

    (Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Obmiński

    (Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Andrzej T. Klimek

    (Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland)

  • Natalia Serafin

    (Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Kraków, Poland)

  • Artur Litwiniuk

    (Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Robert Czaja

    (College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical Culture Studies, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland)

  • Wojciech Czarny

    (College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical Culture Studies, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
    Department of Sports Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports, Universtiy of Presov, 080-01 Prešov, Slovakia)

Abstract

Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport where athletes require constant supervision of a coach. The outbreak of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a crisis in many sectors, including sport. Global efforts to limit the spread of the pathogen resulted in temporary lockdowns that limited sporting activity, thus deteriorating athletes’ physical fitness. Methods: The participants included 20 kickboxers competing at the international level. Their physical fitness was evaluated based on the test developed by the International Committee on the Standardization of Physical Fitness Test (ICSPFT) and their body build was assessed using Tanita BC601 body composition monitor and a body height meter. Differences between physical fitness before the COVID-19 outbreak and during the pandemic after re-opening sports facilities were evaluated. Results: Temporary closing of sports clubs has led to the increase in body mass of the participants by 2.65 kg on average and significantly deteriorated physical fitness. Conclusions: Temporary closing of sports clubs and restrictions on physical activity aimed at containing the spread of COVID-19 caused a significant reduction in physical fitness and increased body mass of the participants. This is likely to cause worse performance in the nearest competitions and have a negative impact on the athletes’ health status and immunity to diseases.

Suggested Citation

  • Tadeusz Ambroży & Łukasz Rydzik & Zbigniew Obmiński & Andrzej T. Klimek & Natalia Serafin & Artur Litwiniuk & Robert Czaja & Wojciech Czarny, 2021. "The Impact of Reduced Training Activity of Elite Kickboxers on Physical Fitness, Body Build, and Performance during Competitions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4342-:d:539395
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Łukasz Rydzik & Tadeusz Ambroży, 2021. "Physical Fitness and the Level of Technical and Tactical Training of Kickboxers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Alessandra di Cagno & Andrea Buonsenso & Francesca Baralla & Elisa Grazioli & Giulia Di Martino & Edoardo Lecce & Giuseppe Calcagno & Giovanni Fiorilli, 2020. "Psychological Impact of the Quarantine-Induced Stress during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak among Italian Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Frida Eek & Caroline Larsson & Anita Wisén & Eva Ekvall Hansson, 2021. "Self-Perceived Changes in Physical Activity and the Relation to Life Satisfaction and Rated Physical Capacity in Swedish Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-14, January.
    4. James Banks & Xiaowei Xu, 2020. "The Mental Health Effects of the First Two Months of Lockdown during the COVID‐19 Pandemic in the UK," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(3), pages 685-708, September.
    5. Fabian Schwendinger & Elena Pocecco, 2020. "Counteracting Physical Inactivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Home-Based Exercise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-5, June.
    6. Dejan Gavrlilovic & Adam Petrovic & Mlivoj Dopsaj & Goran Kasum & Zoran Pajic & Vladimir Koprivica, 2016. "Work and rest peak heart rate variability response during the different technical and tactical situations of elite kickboxers," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 96-110, April.
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    1. Yu-Chi Sung & Yi-Zhen Yang & Che-Chia Chang & Chun-Chung Chou, 2021. "A Preliminary Study of Pre-Season Taekwondo Preparation Strategy: Personal Isolation Training Effect for Elite Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Alicja Jurecka & Paulina Skucińska & Artur Gądek, 2021. "Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Pandemic on Physical Activity, Mental Health and Quality of Life in Professional Athletes—A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Xiaolu Feng & Jun Qiu & Yangyang Wang & Xinyi Wen & Lili Bai & Hongjun Yu, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 on 1000 m Running and Pull-Up Performance among College Men Living in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-9, August.
    4. Tadeusz Ambroży & Łukasz Rydzik & Amadeusz Kwiatkowski & Michał Spieszny & Dorota Ambroży & Aneta Rejman & Agnieszka Koteja & Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki & Henryk Duda & Wojciech Czarny, 2022. "Effect of CrossFit Training on Physical Fitness of Kickboxers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-13, April.
    5. Wojciech Wąsacz & Łukasz Rydzik & Ibrahim Ouergui & Agnieszka Koteja & Dorota Ambroży & Tadeusz Ambroży & Pavel Ruzbarsky & Marian Rzepko, 2022. "Comparison of the Physical Fitness Profile of Muay Thai and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes with Reference to Training Experience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-13, July.
    6. Łukasz Rydzik & Wojciech Wąsacz & Tadeusz Ambroży & Tomasz Pałka & Ewa Sobiło-Rydzik & Marta Kopańska, 2023. "Comparison of Head Strike Incidence under K1 Rules of Kickboxing with and without Helmet Protection—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-10, March.
    7. Pavel Ruzbarsky & Kristina Nema & Marek Kokinda & Łukasz Rydzik & Tadeusz Ambroży, 2022. "Comparison of Selected Characteristics of Slovak and Polish Representatives in Kickboxing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-8, August.
    8. Łukasz Rydzik & Tadeusz Ambroży & Zbigniew Obmiński & Wiesław Błach & Ibrahim Ouergui, 2021. "Evaluation of the Body Composition and Selected Physiological Variables of the Skin Surface Depending on Technical and Tactical Skills of Kickboxing Athletes in K1 Style," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-15, November.

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