IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i7p3761-d530039.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Home-Advantage during COVID-19: An Analysis in Portuguese Football League

Author

Listed:
  • Rui Matos

    (Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), IPSantarém/IPLeiria, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    ESECS—Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

  • Diogo Monteiro

    (ESECS—Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
    Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal)

  • Raul Antunes

    (Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), IPSantarém/IPLeiria, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    ESECS—Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
    Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal)

  • Diogo Mendes

    (Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), IPSantarém/IPLeiria, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    ESECS—Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

  • João Botas

    (ESECS—Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

  • João Clemente

    (ESECS—Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

  • Nuno Amaro

    (Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), IPSantarém/IPLeiria, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    ESECS—Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal)

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemic forced, at the final rounds of 2019–2020 season, in many different sport leagues worldwide, teams to play without an audience. Therefore, the present paper aims to compare the home advantage score in the last ten rounds in 2019–2020 season with the first 24 rounds in same season using Pollard’s (1986) and Matos et al.’s (2020) methods. In addition, comparisons across different seasons (2016–2017; 2017–2018; 2018–2019 and 2019–2020) using the same methods were also analyzed. Results showed no differences ( p > 0.05) between first 24 rounds and the last 10 in 2019–2020 season as well as in the 3 previous seasons. With Pollard’s method, no differences ( p > 0.05) were also found among those four seasons on global (all 34 rounds) home advantage. However, a significance difference between 2017–2018 and 2019–2020 ( p < 0.05) was founded using Matos et al.’s (2020) method, which is an indicator of the importance of using complementary methods when analyzing the same realities. Overall, despite what might be expectable from recent findings, the lack of an audience in the last 10 rounds of Portuguese Football League 2019–2020 season, due to COVID-19 pandemic, did not affect home advantage. Therefore, future studies could try to analyze other different variables in Portuguese Football League, such as referees’ behaviors, rules changing (e.g., the possibility of making five substitutions, instead of three), crowd dimension and density as well as include variables about odds as forecasts in football being played without crowds.

Suggested Citation

  • Rui Matos & Diogo Monteiro & Raul Antunes & Diogo Mendes & João Botas & João Clemente & Nuno Amaro, 2021. "Home-Advantage during COVID-19: An Analysis in Portuguese Football League," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-8, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3761-:d:530039
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3761/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3761/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tadgh Hegarty, 2021. "Information and price efficiency in the absence of home crowd advantage," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(21), pages 1902-1907, December.
    2. Richard Pollard & Jaime Prieto & Miguel-Ángel Gómez, 2017. "Global differences in home advantage by country, sport and sex," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(4), pages 586-599, July.
    3. Michela Ponzo & Vincenzo Scoppa, 2018. "Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 19(4), pages 562-582, May.
    4. Thomas Peeters & Jan C. Ours, 2021. "Seasonal Home Advantage in English Professional Football; 1974–2018," De Economist, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 107-126, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aldo Coelho Silva & Adriana Souza Amaral & Lucas Alves Facundo & Melissa Talita Wiprich & Leandro Rechenchosky & Wilson Rinaldi, 2022. "Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic: How the Brazilian Serie A Championship Was Affected by Home Advantage, Performance and Disciplinary Aspects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Sergio Destefanis & Francesco Addesa & Giambattista Rossi, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on home advantage: a conditional order-m analysis of football clubs’ efficiency in the top-5 European leagues," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(58), pages 6639-6655, December.
    3. Michael Christian Leitner & Frank Daumann & Florian Follert & Fabio Richlan, 2023. "The cauldron has cooled down: a systematic literature review on home advantage in football during the COVID-19 pandemic from a socio-economic and psychological perspective," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(2), pages 605-633, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2022. "Home advantage in professional soccer and betting market efficiency: The role of spectator crowds," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(2), pages 294-316, May.
    2. Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2021. "Does Crowd Support Drive the Home Advantage in Professional Football? Evidence from German Ghost Games during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 22(8), pages 982-1008, December.
    3. J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2022. "Eliminating supportive crowds reduces referee bias," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1416-1436, July.
    4. van Damme, Nils & Baert, Stijn, 2019. "Home advantage in European international soccer: Which dimension of distance matters?," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 13, pages 1-17.
    5. Carl Singleton & Alex Bryson & Peter Dolton & James Reade & Dominik Schreyer, 2022. "Economics lessons from sports during the COVID-19 pandemic," Chapters, in: Paul M. Pedersen (ed.), Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19, chapter 2, pages 9-18, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Pascal Flurin Meier & Raphael Flepp & Egon Franck, 2021. "Are sports betting markets semistrong efficient? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," Working Papers 387, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW).
    7. Jordi Arboix-Alió & Guillem Trabal & Bernat Buscà & Javier Peña & Adrià Arboix & Raúl Hileno, 2021. "The Behaviour of Home Advantage during the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Rink Hockey Leagues," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Liam Kneafsey & Stefan Müller, 2018. "Assessing the influence of neutral grounds on match outcomes," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(6), pages 892-905, November.
    9. Ferraresi Massimiliano & Gucciardi Gianluca, 2023. "Team performance and the perception of being observed: Experimental evidence from top-level professional football," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 24(1), pages 1-31, February.
    10. Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2020. "Does Crowd Support Drive the Home Advantage in Professional Soccer? Evidence from German Ghost Games during the Covid-19 Pandemic," CESifo Working Paper Series 8549, CESifo.
    11. Mauro Caselli & Paolo Falco, 2021. "When the Mob Goes Silent: Uncovering the Effects of Racial Harassment through a Natural Experiment," DEM Working Papers 2021/01, Department of Economics and Management.
    12. Peter-J. Jost, 2021. "Competitive Balance and the Away Goals Rule During Extra Time," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 22(7), pages 823-863, October.
    13. Delbianco Fernando & Fioravanti Federico & Tohmé Fernando, 2023. "Home advantage and crowd attendance: evidence from rugby during the Covid 19 pandemic," Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, De Gruyter, vol. 19(1), pages 15-26, March.
    14. Alex Farnell, 2023. "False Start? An Analysis of NFL Penalties With and Without Crowds," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 24(6), pages 695-716, August.
    15. Seungwhan Chun & Sang Soo Park, 2021. "Home Advantage in Skeleton: Familiarity versus Crowd Support," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 22(1), pages 3-26, January.
    16. Scoppa, Vincenzo, 2021. "Social pressure in the stadiums: Do agents change behavior without crowd support?," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    17. Carl Singleton & J. James Reade & Johan Rewilak & Dominik Schreyer, 2021. "How big is home advantage at the Olympic Games?," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2021-13, Department of Economics, University of Reading.
    18. Jan C. van Ours & Martin van Tuijl, 2024. "Incentives matter sometimes: On the differences between league and Cup football matches," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 24-044/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    19. Bär, Sören & Benkel, Cathrin & Bezold, Thomas & Biebl, Petra & Breuer, Markus & Budzinski, Oliver & Chatrath, Stefan & Daumann, Frank & Faulstich, Sebastian & Feddersen, Arne & Frick, Bernd & Gassmann, 2023. "Wettbewerb und Wettbewerbspolitik im Sport: Sammelband zur 25. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Sportökonomie," KCV Schriftenreihe, FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, KCV KompetenzCentrum für angewandte Volkswirtschaftslehre, volume 7, number 282198 edited by FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, KompetenzCentrum für angewandte Volkswirtschaftslehre (KC.
    20. Gong, Bingnan & Zhou, Changjing & Gómez, Miguel-Ángel & Buldú, J.M., 2023. "Identifiability of Chinese football teams: A complex networks approach," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3761-:d:530039. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.