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Compliance with Standard Precautions and Its Relationship with Views on Infection Control and Prevention Policy among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic

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  • Eliza Lai-Yi Wong

    (Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Kin-Fai Ho

    (JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Dong Dong

    (Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Annie Wai-Ling Cheung

    (Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Peter Sen-Yung Yau

    (Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Emily Ying-Yang Chan

    (JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Eng-Kiong Yeoh

    (Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Wai-Tong Chien

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Frank Youhua Chen

    (Department of Management Sciences, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Simon Poon

    (School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Hong Kong, China)

  • Qingpeng Zhang

    (School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong

    (JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

Background : Standard precautions prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings. Incompliance with infection control guidelines of healthcare workers (HCWs) may increase their risk of exposure to infectious disease, especially under pandemics. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of compliance with the infection prevention and control practices among HCWs in different healthcare settings and its relationship with their views on workplace infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : Nurses in Hong Kong were invited to respond to a cross-sectional online survey, in which their views on workplace infection and prevention policy, compliance with standard precautions and self-reported health during pandemics were collected. Results : The respondents were dissatisfied with workplace infection and prevention policy in terms of comprehensiveness (62%), clarity (64%), timeliness (63%), and transparency (60%). For the protective behavior, the respondents did not fully comply with the standard precautions when they were involved in medical care. Their compliance was relatively low when having proper patient handling (54%) and performing invasive procedures (46%). A multivariate analysis model proved that the level of compliance of the standard precautions was positively associated with the satisfaction on infection control and prevention policy among high risk group (0.020; 95% CI: 0.005–0.036), while older respondents had higher level of compliance among the inpatient and outpatient groups (coefficient range: 0.065–0.076). The higher level of compliance was also significantly associated with working in designated team and having chronic condition of the respondents among high-risk and inpatient groups. Conclusions : Standard precautions are the most important elements to reduce cross-transmission among HCWs and patients while the satisfaction on infection control and prevention policy would increase the compliance among the high-risk group. An overall suboptimal compliance and poor views on the infection prevention and control guidelines is a warning signal to healthcare system especially during pandemics.

Suggested Citation

  • Eliza Lai-Yi Wong & Kin-Fai Ho & Dong Dong & Annie Wai-Ling Cheung & Peter Sen-Yung Yau & Emily Ying-Yang Chan & Eng-Kiong Yeoh & Wai-Tong Chien & Frank Youhua Chen & Simon Poon & Qingpeng Zhang & Sam, 2021. "Compliance with Standard Precautions and Its Relationship with Views on Infection Control and Prevention Policy among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3420-:d:524184
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Siyue Zhu & Kibrom Mehari Kahsay & Li Gui, 2019. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices related to standard precautions among nurses: A comparative study," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(19-20), pages 3538-3546, October.
    2. Daniele Donati & Valentina Biagioli & Claudia Cianfrocca & Maria Grazia De Marinis & Daniela Tartaglini, 2019. "Compliance with Standard Precautions among Clinical Nurses: Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-It)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, January.
    3. Ronald R. Rindfuss & Minja K. Choe & Noriko O. Tsuya & Larry L. Bumpass & Emi Tamaki, 2015. "Do low survey response rates bias results? Evidence from Japan," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 32(26), pages 797-828.
    4. Hyunjung Kim & Young Hui Hwang, 2020. "Factors contributing to clinical nurse compliance with infection prevention and control practices: A cross‐sectional study," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(1), pages 126-133, March.
    5. Gabriele Giorgi & Luigi Isaia Lecca & Federico Alessio & Georgia Libera Finstad & Giorgia Bondanini & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Giulio Arcangeli & Nicola Mucci, 2020. "COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Silmara Meneguin & Camila Fernandes Pollo & Ediana Preisler Melchiades & Melissa Santiloni Montanha Ramos & José Fausto de Morais & Cesar de Oliveira, 2022. "Scale of Adherence to Good Hospital Practices for COVID-19: Psychometric Properties," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-11, September.
    2. Brett G. Mitchell & Andrew Stewardson & Lucille Kerr & John K. Ferguson & Stephanie Curtis & Lucy Busija & Kirsty Graham & Michael J. Lydeamore & Philip L. Russo & Christopher M. Baker, 2023. "The incidence of positive bloodstream and urine cultures in five Australian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 4/23, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
    3. Su Jung Kim & Eun Ju Lee, 2021. "Factors Influencing Emergency Department Nurses’ Compliance with Standard Precautions Using Multilevel Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-12, June.

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