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The Association between Resilience and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Thanakrit Jeamjitvibool

    (Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
    College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Cherdsak Duangchan

    (Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
    College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Andria Mousa

    (Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

  • Wiriya Mahikul

    (Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand)

Abstract

This study examined the association between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Nursing and Allied Health databases. Included articles examined healthcare workers (e.g., physicians and nurses), the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies of exposure to other infectious diseases related to epidemics or pandemics (e.g., SARS and MERS) were excluded. This study was performed following the Cooper matrix review method and PRISMA guidelines, followed by a meta-analysis of study results using R version 4.1.2. A random effect model was used for the pooled analysis. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42021261429). Based on the meta-analysis, we found a moderate negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress (r = −0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.45 to −0.38, p < 0.001). For the subgroup analysis, a moderately significant negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress was found among healthcare workers (r = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.44 to −0.33, p < 0.001), which was weaker than in the general population (r = −0.45, 95% CI: −0.50 to −0.39, p < 0.001) and in patients (r = −0.43; 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.33; p < 0.001). This association was robust, although the heterogeneity among individual effect sizes was substantial (I 2 = 94%, 99%, and 74%, respectively). This study revealed a moderate negative relationship between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients. For all these populations, interventions and resources are needed to improve individuals’ resilience and ability to cope with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future disease outbreaks.

Suggested Citation

  • Thanakrit Jeamjitvibool & Cherdsak Duangchan & Andria Mousa & Wiriya Mahikul, 2022. "The Association between Resilience and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:14854-:d:970024
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    1. Gabriele Giorgi & Luigi Isaia Lecca & Federico Alessio & Georgia Libera Finstad & Giorgia Bondanini & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Giulio Arcangeli & Nicola Mucci, 2020. "COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, October.
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    3. Jin, Liangyi & Hao, Zejun & Huang, Jinzi & Akram, Hafiza Rabia & Saeed, Muhammad Farhan & Ma, Haibo, 2021. "Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with problematic smartphone use under the COVID-19 epidemic: The mediation models," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    4. Kimhi, Shaul & Marciano, Hadas & Eshel, Yohanan & Adini, Bruria, 2020. "Resilience and demographic characteristics predicting distress during the COVID-19 crisis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
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