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Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Migrant Population in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Ivet Bayes-Marin

    (Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut—Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Maria Roura-Adserias

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Iago Giné-Vázquez

    (Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Felipe Villalobos

    (Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Marta Franch-Roca

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Amanda Lloret-Pineda

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet

    (Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Yuelu He

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Rachid El Hafi

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Fajar Matloob Ahmed Butt

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Blanca Mellor-Marsá

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • M. Carmen Alós

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Helena Sainz-Elías

    (Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Wala Ayad-Ahmed

    (Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    Fundación de Investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Lola Aparicio

    (Servicio de Atención a la Migración en Salud Mental (SATMI), Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Avenida Drassanes 19, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Mercedes Espinal Cabeza

    (Servicio de Atención a la Migración en Salud Mental (SATMI), Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Avenida Drassanes 19, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Óscar Álvarez Bobo

    (Servicio de Atención a la Migración en Salud Mental (SATMI), Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Avenida Drassanes 19, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Yolanda Osorio López

    (Servicio de Atención a la Migración en Salud Mental (SATMI), Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Avenida Drassanes 19, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Josep Maria Haro

    (Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain)

  • Paula Cristóbal-Narváez

    (Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

Migrants are likely to experience mental health conditions, being one of the most vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to: (1) estimate the prevalence of depressive and anxious symptoms and (2) examine the impact of risk and protective factors on this symptomatology. A sample of 129 migrants living in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic completed an anonymous online survey, including information on sociodemographic and individual characteristics, migration, basic needs, social environment and perceived health domains. Multiple Poisson regression models analysed the effects of risk and protective factors on depression and anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 22.3% and 21.4%, respectively. Risk factors such as living in a rented house and previous mental health conditions were associated with higher depression symptoms, whereas unemployment was related to anxiety symptoms. Conversely, older age, better self-esteem, and higher levels of social support were associated with fewer depression symptoms. Older age and better quality of life were related to fewer anxiety symptoms. These findings addressing risk and protective factors (e.g., social support, self-esteem) help to design culturally effective programs, particularly in migrants with pre-existing mental health conditions, adjusting the organisation of mental healthcare services in difficult times in Spain.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivet Bayes-Marin & Maria Roura-Adserias & Iago Giné-Vázquez & Felipe Villalobos & Marta Franch-Roca & Amanda Lloret-Pineda & Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet & Yuelu He & Rachid El Hafi & Fajar Matloob Ahmed Bu, 2022. "Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Migrant Population in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:15646-:d:983436
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gabriele Giorgi & Luigi Isaia Lecca & Federico Alessio & Georgia Libera Finstad & Giorgia Bondanini & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Giulio Arcangeli & Nicola Mucci, 2020. "COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Eva Spiritus-Beerden & An Verelst & Ines Devlieger & Nina Langer Primdahl & Fábio Botelho Guedes & Antonio Chiarenza & Stephanie De Maesschalck & Natalie Durbeej & Rocío Garrido & Margarida Gaspar de , 2021. "Mental Health of Refugees and Migrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Experienced Discrimination and Daily Stressors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Selçuk Özdin & Şükriye Bayrak Özdin, 2020. "Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(5), pages 504-511, August.
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