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Economic Stressors, COVID-19 Attitudes, Worry, and Behaviors among U.S. Working Adults: A Mixture Analysis

Author

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  • Andrea Bazzoli

    (Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA)

  • Tahira M. Probst

    (Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA)

  • Hyun Jung Lee

    (Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA)

Abstract

Since the unfolding of the novel coronavirus global pandemic, public health research has increasingly suggested that certain groups of individuals may be more exposed to the virus. The aim of this contribution was to investigate whether workers grouped into several latent classes, based on two perceived economic stressors, would report different levels of enactment of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended behaviors to prevent the spread of such virus. We also tested propositions regarding the potential differential predictors of compliance behavior, differentiating between cognitive (i.e., attitudes toward the CDC guidelines) and affective (i.e., COVID-specific worry) predictors. Using a longitudinal dataset of 419 U.S. workers, we did not find significant differences among the levels of CDC guidelines enactment across three latent classes, representing a range of economic vulnerability. We found that cognitive attitudes were a significantly stronger predictor of compliance with CDC guidelines for workers in the most economically secure class, whereas worry was a significantly stronger predictor of compliance for the most vulnerable counterpart. We discuss these findings in light of the Conservation of Resources theory and other health behavior theories, being mindful of the need to further understand the differential impact of this health and economic crisis on employees facing economic stressors.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Bazzoli & Tahira M. Probst & Hyun Jung Lee, 2021. "Economic Stressors, COVID-19 Attitudes, Worry, and Behaviors among U.S. Working Adults: A Mixture Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2338-:d:507346
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vermunt, Jeroen K., 2010. "Latent Class Modeling with Covariates: Two Improved Three-Step Approaches," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(4), pages 450-469.
    2. Hsinkuang Chi & Thinh-Van Vu & Tan Vo-Thanh & Nguyen Phong Nguyen & Duy van Nguyen, 2020. "Workplace health and safety training, employees’ risk perceptions, behavioral safety compliance, and perceived job insecurity during COVID-19: Data of Vietnam," Post-Print hal-03403852, HAL.
    3. Bolck, Annabel & Croon, Marcel & Hagenaars, Jacques, 2004. "Estimating Latent Structure Models with Categorical Variables: One-Step Versus Three-Step Estimators," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 3-27, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrea Bazzoli & Tahira M. Probst & Jasmina Tomas, 2022. "A Latent Profile Analysis of Precarity and Its Associated Outcomes: The Haves and the Have-Nots," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Lixin Jiang & Erica L. Bettac & Hyun Jung Lee & Tahira M. Probst, 2022. "In Whom Do We Trust? A Multifoci Person-Centered Perspective on Institutional Trust during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Xinyue Wen & Ismaël Rafaï & Sébastien Duchêne & Marc Willinger, 2022. "Did Mindful People Do Better during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Mindfulness Is Associated with Well-Being and Compliance with Prophylactic Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-25, April.

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