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Dietary Intake and Supplement Use Among Saudi Residents during COVID-19 Lockdown

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  • Hanan A. Alfawaz

    (Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
    Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Nasiruddin Khan

    (Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’ Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman)

  • Ghadah A. Aljumah

    (King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia)

  • Syed D. Hussain

    (Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Nasser M. Al-Daghri

    (Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Healthy diet and supplement use may prove as sustainable strategies to lower COVID-19 infection. Our study investigated the dietary changes before and during lockdown and observed dietary supplements (DS) use among residents in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study collected data via an online electronic survey questionnaire among males (N = 921) and females (N = 1044) residing in Saudi Arabia, 15 years of age and above. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of males (before vs. during lockdown) having improved changes in dietary habit (68.6% vs. 65.8%; p = 0.004), which was similar in female participants (69 vs. 73.4% vs. 69%; p < 0.001). The frequency of multivitamin users among COVID-19 participants was significantly lower than non-users (44.4 vs. 55.6; p < 0.003). Male respondents within 26–35 years of age were more likely to use multivitamin supplements than females (30.1 vs. 22.6%; p < 0.05) of same age group. Predictors for DS use were increased age group, income, education level and COVID-19 status. In conclusion, an increase in unhealthy diet behavior was observed among Saudi males and females during the pandemic lockdown and the predictors of DS use included increased age, income, education level and COVID-19 status.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanan A. Alfawaz & Nasiruddin Khan & Ghadah A. Aljumah & Syed D. Hussain & Nasser M. Al-Daghri, 2021. "Dietary Intake and Supplement Use Among Saudi Residents during COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6435-:d:574678
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hanan Alfawaz & Sobhy M. Yakout & Kaiser Wani & Ghadah A. Aljumah & Mohammed G. A. Ansari & Malak N. K. Khattak & Syed D. Hussain & Nasser M. Al-Daghri, 2021. "Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Carlotta Suardi & Emanuela Cazzaniga & Stephanie Graci & Dario Dongo & Paola Palestini, 2021. "Link between Viral Infections, Immune System, Inflammation and Diet," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
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