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Gestational Exposure to Phthalates and Social Responsiveness Scores in Children Using Quantile Regression: The EARLI and HOME Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Marisa A. Patti

    (Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA)

  • Craig Newschaffer

    (A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    College of Health & Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA)

  • Melissa Eliot

    (Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA)

  • Ghassan B. Hamra

    (Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Aimin Chen

    (Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Lisa A. Croen

    (Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA)

  • M. Daniele Fallin

    (Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Irva Hertz-Picciotto

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Geetika Kalloo

    (HealthCore Inc., Wilmington, DE 19801, USA)

  • Jane C. Khoury

    (Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA)

  • Bruce P. Lanphear

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada)

  • Kristen Lyall

    (A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Kimberly Yolton

    (Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
    Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA)

  • Joseph M. Braun

    (Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA)

Abstract

Linear regression is often used to estimate associations between chemical exposures and neurodevelopment at the mean of the outcome. However, the potential effect of chemicals may be greater among individuals at the ‘tails’ of outcome distributions. Here, we investigated distributional effects on the associations between gestational phthalate exposure and child Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-related behaviors using quantile regression. We harmonized data from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) ( n = 140) Study, an enriched-risk cohort of mothers who had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study ( n = 276), a general population cohort. We measured concentrations of 9 phthalate metabolites in urine samples collected twice during pregnancy. Caregivers reported children’s ASD-related behaviors using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 3–8 years; higher scores indicate more ASD-related behaviors. In EARLI, associations between phthalate concentrations and SRS scores were predominately inverse or null across SRS score quantiles. In HOME, positive associations of mono-n-butyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate concentrations with SRS scores increased in strength from the median to 95th percentile of SRS scores. These results suggest associations between phthalate concentrations and SRS scores may be stronger in individuals with higher SRS scores.

Suggested Citation

  • Marisa A. Patti & Craig Newschaffer & Melissa Eliot & Ghassan B. Hamra & Aimin Chen & Lisa A. Croen & M. Daniele Fallin & Irva Hertz-Picciotto & Geetika Kalloo & Jane C. Khoury & Bruce P. Lanphear & K, 2021. "Gestational Exposure to Phthalates and Social Responsiveness Scores in Children Using Quantile Regression: The EARLI and HOME Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1254-:d:490101
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sungroul Kim, 2016. "Overview of Cotinine Cutoff Values for Smoking Status Classification," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, December.
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