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The Differential Heritability of Social Adjustment by Sex

Author

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  • Chisato Hayashi

    (Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community, University of Hyogo, 13-71, Kitaoji-cho, Akashi, Hyogo 673-8588, Japan)

  • Soshiro Ogata

    (Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Natl. Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan)

  • Haruka Tanaka

    (School of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20, Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City 461-8673, Aichi, Japan)

  • Kazuo Hayakawa

    (Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan)

Abstract

Sex differences in social adjustment are frequently observed; however, there has been very little research on adaptability in the individual and social domains. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex difference in social abilities, such as high self-appeal, sociability, school adaptation, and home adaptation between school-age males and females. The sample for this study included both same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs: a total of 467 twin pairs. We classified them into three groups: a group of those in lower classes of elementary school, a group of those in higher classes of elementary school, and a group of those in junior high school. The heritability of school adaptation was estimated to be 95% in males and 54% in females in the junior high school group. The full sex-limitation model showed a better fit in this group, and this means that a qualitative genetic difference exists. For school adaptation, there was no sex difference in lower elementary school classes; however, a quantitative difference appeared in higher classes of elementary school. Moreover, a qualitative difference appeared in junior high school. From this research, it became clear that sex differences in heritability exist for school adaptation, and there was a marked increase from the elementary school children to the junior high school children.

Suggested Citation

  • Chisato Hayashi & Soshiro Ogata & Haruka Tanaka & Kazuo Hayakawa, 2021. "The Differential Heritability of Social Adjustment by Sex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:621-:d:479477
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    References listed on IDEAS

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