IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i23p12836-d695765.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease

Author

Listed:
  • Natalia Di Tommaso

    (Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology—Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Antonio Gasbarrini

    (Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology—Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesca Romana Ponziani

    (Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology—Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their secretions. The gut microbiota participates in regulating the integrity and function of the intestinal barrier in a homeostatic balance. Pathogens, xenobiotics and food can disrupt the intestinal barrier, promoting systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Genetic and immune factors predispose individuals to gut barrier dysfunction, and changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota are central to this process. The progressive identification of these changes has led to the development of the concept of ‘leaky gut syndrome’ and ‘gut dysbiosis’, which underlie the relationship between intestinal barrier impairment, metabolic diseases and autoimmunity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this process is an intriguing subject of research for the diagnosis and treatment of various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalia Di Tommaso & Antonio Gasbarrini & Francesca Romana Ponziani, 2021. "Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-23, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12836-:d:695765
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/23/12836/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/23/12836/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kendle M. Maslowski & Angelica T. Vieira & Aylwin Ng & Jan Kranich & Frederic Sierro & Di Yu & Heidi C. Schilter & Michael S. Rolph & Fabienne Mackay & David Artis & Ramnik J. Xavier & Mauro M. Teixei, 2009. "Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43," Nature, Nature, vol. 461(7268), pages 1282-1286, October.
    2. Yi Duan & Cristina Llorente & Sonja Lang & Katharina Brandl & Huikuan Chu & Lu Jiang & Richard C. White & Thomas H. Clarke & Kevin Nguyen & Manolito Torralba & Yan Shao & Jinyuan Liu & Adriana Hernand, 2019. "Bacteriophage targeting of gut bacterium attenuates alcoholic liver disease," Nature, Nature, vol. 575(7783), pages 505-511, November.
    3. Sarkis K. Mazmanian & June L. Round & Dennis L. Kasper, 2008. "A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease," Nature, Nature, vol. 453(7195), pages 620-625, May.
    4. Jason Lloyd-Price & Cesar Arze & Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan & Melanie Schirmer & Julian Avila-Pacheco & Tiffany W. Poon & Elizabeth Andrews & Nadim J. Ajami & Kevin S. Bonham & Colin J. Brislawn & Davi, 2019. "Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases," Nature, Nature, vol. 569(7758), pages 655-662, May.
    5. Emmanuelle Le Chatelier & Trine Nielsen & Junjie Qin & Edi Prifti & Falk Hildebrand & Gwen Falony & Mathieu Almeida & Manimozhiyan Arumugam & Jean-Michel Batto & Sean Kennedy & Pierre Leonard & Junhua, 2013. "Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers," Nature, Nature, vol. 500(7464), pages 541-546, August.
    6. Yukihiro Furusawa & Yuuki Obata & Shinji Fukuda & Takaho A. Endo & Gaku Nakato & Daisuke Takahashi & Yumiko Nakanishi & Chikako Uetake & Keiko Kato & Tamotsu Kato & Masumi Takahashi & Noriko N. Fukuda, 2013. "Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells," Nature, Nature, vol. 504(7480), pages 446-450, December.
    7. Xiaoting Wang & Naruhisa Ota & Paolo Manzanillo & Lance Kates & Jose Zavala-Solorio & Celine Eidenschenk & Juan Zhang & Justin Lesch & Wyne P. Lee & Jed Ross & Lauri Diehl & Nicholas van Bruggen & Gan, 2014. "Interleukin-22 alleviates metabolic disorders and restores mucosal immunity in diabetes," Nature, Nature, vol. 514(7521), pages 237-241, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ilenia Casini & Lauretta Massai & Erminia Solomita & Kathleen Ortenzi & Stefano Pieretti & Anna Maria Aloisi, 2024. "Gastrointestinal Conditions Affect Chronic Pain and Quality of Life in Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-16, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Todd D. Terhune & Richard C. Deth, 2018. "Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines in the Context of the Hygiene Hypothesis: A Risk Factor for Eosinophilia and Allergy in a Genetically Susceptible Subpopulation?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Alba Ordoñez-Rodriguez & Pablo Roman & Lola Rueda-Ruzafa & Ana Campos-Rios & Diana Cardona, 2023. "Changes in Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Duo Jiang & Thomas Sharpton & Yuan Jiang, 2021. "Microbial Interaction Network Estimation via Bias-Corrected Graphical Lasso," Statistics in Biosciences, Springer;International Chinese Statistical Association, vol. 13(2), pages 329-350, July.
    4. John Molloy & Katrina Allen & Fiona Collier & Mimi L. K. Tang & Alister C. Ward & Peter Vuillermin, 2013. "The Potential Link between Gut Microbiota and IgE-Mediated Food Allergy in Early Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
    5. Haressh Sajiir & Kuan Yau Wong & Alexandra Müller & Sahar Keshvari & Lucy Burr & Elena Aiello & Teresa Mezza & Andrea Giaccari & Guido Sebastiani & Francesco Dotta & Grant A. Ramm & Graeme A. Macdonal, 2024. "Pancreatic beta-cell IL-22 receptor deficiency induces age-dependent dysregulation of insulin biosynthesis and systemic glucose homeostasis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Eunkyung Lee & Vanessa Kady & Eric Han & Kayla Montan & Marjona Normuminova & Michael J. Rovito, 2022. "Healthy Eating and Mortality among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-24, June.
    7. Cameron Martino & Livia S. Zaramela & Bei Gao & Mallory Embree & Janna Tarasova & Seth J. Parker & Yanhan Wang & Huikuan Chu & Peng Chen & Kuei-Chuan Lee & Daniela Domingos Galzerani & Jivani M. Genga, 2022. "Acetate reprograms gut microbiota during alcohol consumption," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Junling Niu & Mengmeng Cui & Xin Yang & Juan Li & Yuhui Yao & Qiuhong Guo & Ailing Lu & Xiaopeng Qi & Dongming Zhou & Chenhong Zhang & Liping Zhao & Guangxun Meng, 2023. "Microbiota-derived acetate enhances host antiviral response via NLRP3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Haressh Sajiir & Sahar Keshvari & Kuan Yau Wong & Danielle J. Borg & Frederik J. Steyn & Christian Fercher & Karin Taylor & Breten Taylor & Ross T. Barnard & Alexandra Müller & Md Moniruzzaman & Grego, 2024. "Liver and pancreatic-targeted interleukin-22 as a therapeutic for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    10. Kamila Gorczyca & Aleksandra Obuchowska & Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar & Magdalena Wierzchowska-Opoka & Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, 2022. "Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Pathologies in Pregnancy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-15, August.
    11. Julia D. Berkson & Claire E. Wate & Garrison B. Allen & Alyxandria M. Schubert & Kristin E. Dunbar & Michael P. Coryell & Rosa L. Sava & Yamei Gao & Jessica L. Hastie & Emily M. Smith & Charlotte R. K, 2024. "Phage-specific immunity impairs efficacy of bacteriophage targeting Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus in a murine model," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    12. Eman M Fouda, 2017. "Airway Microbiota and Allergic Diseases: Clinical Implications," International Journal of Pulmonary & Respiratory Sciences, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 1(5), pages 1-5, May.
    13. Patricia A. Janulewicz & Ratanesh K. Seth & Jeffrey M. Carlson & Joy Ajama & Emily Quinn & Timothy Heeren & Nancy Klimas & Steven M. Lasley & Ronnie D. Horner & Kimberly Sullivan & Saurabh Chatterjee, 2019. "The Gut-Microbiome in Gulf War Veterans: A Preliminary Report," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-14, October.
    14. Zengliang Jiang & Lai-bao Zhuo & Yan He & Yuanqing Fu & Luqi Shen & Fengzhe Xu & Wanglong Gou & Zelei Miao & Menglei Shuai & Yuhui Liang & Congmei Xiao & Xinxiu Liang & Yunyi Tian & Jiali Wang & Jun T, 2022. "The gut microbiota-bile acid axis links the positive association between chronic insomnia and cardiometabolic diseases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    15. Natsuko Tabata & Mai Tsukada & Kozue Kubo & Yuri Inoue & Reiko Miroku & Fumihiko Odashima & Koichiro Shiratori & Takashi Sekiya & Shintaro Sengoku & Hideaki Shiroyama & Hiromichi Kimura, 2022. "Living Lab for Citizens’ Wellness: A Case of Maintaining and Improving a Healthy Diet under the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-17, January.
    16. Denisa Margină & Anca Ungurianu & Carmen Purdel & Dimitris Tsoukalas & Evangelia Sarandi & Maria Thanasoula & Fotios Tekos & Robin Mesnage & Demetrios Kouretas & Aristidis Tsatsakis, 2020. "Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-27, June.
    17. Patrick J. Dörner & Harithaa Anandakumar & Ivo Röwekamp & Facundo Fiocca Vernengo & Belén Millet Pascual-Leone & Marta Krzanowski & Josua Sellmaier & Ulrike Brüning & Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther & Lenn, 2024. "Clinically used broad-spectrum antibiotics compromise inflammatory monocyte-dependent antibacterial defense in the lung," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    18. Alvah Zorea & David Pellow & Liron Levin & Shai Pilosof & Jonathan Friedman & Ron Shamir & Itzhak Mizrahi, 2024. "Plasmids in the human gut reveal neutral dispersal and recombination that is overpowered by inflammatory diseases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    19. Alessandra N. Bazzano & Kaitlin S. Potts & Lydia A. Bazzano & John B. Mason, 2017. "The Life Course Implications of Ready to Use Therapeutic Food for Children in Low-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, April.
    20. Ayya Keshet & Eran Segal, 2024. "Identification of gut microbiome features associated with host metabolic health in a large population-based cohort," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12836-:d:695765. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.