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Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Public Transportation: The Development of a Model

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  • Junsik Park

    (The Korea Transport Institute, Sejong-si 30147, Korea)

  • Gurjoong Kim

    (The Korea Transport Institute, Sejong-si 30147, Korea)

Abstract

South Korea’s social distancing policies on public transportation only involve mandatory wearing of masks and prohibition of food intake, similar to policies on other indoor spaces. This is not because public transportation is safe from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but because no suitable policies based on accurate data have been implemented. To relieve fears regarding contracting COVID-19 infection through public transportation, the government should provide accurate information and take appropriate measures to lower the risk of COVID-19. This study aimed to develop a model for determining the risk of COVID-19 infection on public transportation considering exposure time, mask efficiency, ventilation rate, and distance. The risk of COVID-19 infection on public transportation was estimated, and the effectiveness of measures to reduce the risk was assessed. The correlation between the risk of infection and various factors was identified through sensitivity analysis of major factors. The analysis shows that, in addition to the general indoor space social distancing policy, ventilation system installation, passenger number reduction in a vehicle, and seat distribution strategies were effective. Based on these results, the government should provide accurate guidelines and implement appropriate policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Junsik Park & Gurjoong Kim, 2021. "Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Public Transportation: The Development of a Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12790-:d:694918
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhongxiang Chen & Zhiquan Shu & Xiuxiang Huang & Ke Peng & Jiaji Pan, 2021. "Modelling Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission and the State of Emergency in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Michał Wielechowski & Katarzyna Czech & Łukasz Grzęda, 2020. "Decline in Mobility: Public Transport in Poland in the time of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-24, September.
    3. Fanyu Meng & Wenwu Gong & Jun Liang & Xian Li & Yiping Zeng & Lili Yang, 2021. "Impact of different control policies for COVID-19 outbreak on the air transportation industry: A comparison between China, the U.S. and Singapore," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-19, March.
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    2. Marta Baselga & Juan J. Alba & Alberto J. Schuhmacher, 2022. "The Control of Metabolic CO 2 in Public Transport as a Strategy to Reduce the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Khatun, Farzana & Saphores, Jean-Daniel, 2023. "Covid-19, intentions to change modes, and how they materialized - Results from a random survey of Californians," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    4. Kimberly R. Huyser & Aggie J. Yellow Horse & Katherine A. Collins & Jaimy Fischer & Mary G. Jessome & Emma T. Ronayne & Jonathan C. Lin & Jordan Derkson & Michelle Johnson-Jennings, 2022. "Understanding the Associations among Social Vulnerabilities, Indigenous Peoples, and COVID-19 Cases within Canadian Health Regions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, September.
    5. Junsik Park & Gurjoong Kim, 2022. "Social Efficiency of Public Transportation Policy in Response to COVID-19: Model Development and Application to Intercity Buses in Seoul Metropolitan Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-14, September.

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