IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jotrge/v109y2023ics0966692323000662.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Estimation of trip purposes in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Santiago, Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Pezoa, Raúl
  • Basso, Franco
  • Quilodrán, Paulina
  • Varas, Mauricio

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected the mobility of people. Several studies have quantified these changes, for example, measuring the effectiveness of quarantine measures and calculating the decrease in the use of public transport. Regarding the latter, however, a low level of understanding persists as to how the pandemic affected the distribution of trip purposes, hindering the design of policies aimed at increasing the demand for public transport in a post-pandemic era. To address this gap, in this article, we study how the purposes of trips made by public transport evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Santiago, Chile. For this, we develop an XGBoost model using the latest available origin-destination survey as input. The calibrated model is applied to the information from smart payment cards during one week in 2018, 2020, and 2021. The results show that during the week of maximum restriction, that is, during 2020, the distribution of trips by purpose varied considerably, with the proportion of trips to work increasing, recreational trips decreasing, and trips for health purposes remaining unchanged. In sociodemographic terms, in the higher-income communes, the decrease in the proportion of trips for work purposes was much greater than that in the communes with lower income. Finally, with the gradual return to in-person activities in 2021, the distribution of trip purposes returned to values similar to those before the pandemic, although with a lower total amount, which suggests that unless relevant measures are taken, the low use of public transportation could be permanent.

Suggested Citation

  • Pezoa, Raúl & Basso, Franco & Quilodrán, Paulina & Varas, Mauricio, 2023. "Estimation of trip purposes in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Santiago, Chile," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:109:y:2023:i:c:s0966692323000662
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103594
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692323000662
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103594?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leonardo J. Basso & Hugo E. Silva, 2014. "Efficiency and Substitutability of Transit Subsidies and Other Urban Transport Policies," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 6(4), pages 1-33, November.
    2. Canales Cerón, Alejandro I., 2021. "La desigualdad social frente al COVID-19 en el Área Metropolitana de Santiago (Chile)," Notas de Población, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), January.
    3. Aghabayk, Kayvan & Esmailpour, Javad & Shiwakoti, Nirajan, 2021. "Effects of COVID-19 on rail passengers’ crowding perceptions," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 186-202.
    4. Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis & Oded Cats, 2021. "Public transport planning adaption under the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: literature review of research needs and directions," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(3), pages 374-392, May.
    5. Basnak, Paul & Giesen, Ricardo & Muñoz, Juan Carlos, 2022. "Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 140-156.
    6. Zhang, Junyi & Hayashi, Yoshitsugu & Frank, Lawrence D., 2021. "COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 68-85.
    7. Mouwen, Arnoud, 2015. "Drivers of customer satisfaction with public transport services," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1-20.
    8. van Goeverden, Cees & Rietveld, Piet & Koelemeijer, Jorine & Peeters, Paul, 2006. "Subsidies in public transport," European Transport \ Trasporti Europei, ISTIEE, Institute for the Study of Transport within the European Economic Integration, issue 32, pages 5-25.
    9. Wardman, Mark, 2004. "Public transport values of time," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 363-377, October.
    10. Michał Wielechowski & Katarzyna Czech & Łukasz Grzęda, 2020. "Decline in Mobility: Public Transport in Poland in the time of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-24, September.
    11. Gschwender, Antonio & Munizaga, Marcela & Simonetti, Carolina, 2016. "Using smart card and GPS data for policy and planning: The case of Transantiago," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 242-249.
    12. Parker, Madeleine E.G. & Li, Meiqing & Bouzaghrane, Mohamed Amine & Obeid, Hassan & Hayes, Drake & Frick, Karen Trapenberg & Rodríguez, Daniel A. & Sengupta, Raja & Walker, Joan & Chatman, Daniel G., 2021. "Public transit use in the United States in the era of COVID-19: Transit riders’ travel behavior in the COVID-19 impact and recovery period," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 53-62.
    13. Wang, Yihong & Correia, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida & de Romph, Erik & Timmermans, H.J.P., 2017. "Using metro smart card data to model location choice of after-work activities: An application to Shanghai," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 40-47.
    14. Abdullah, Muhammad & Ali, Nazam & Hussain, Syed Arif & Aslam, Atif Bilal & Javid, Muhammad Ashraf, 2021. "Measuring changes in travel behavior pattern due to COVID-19 in a developing country: A case study of Pakistan," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 21-33.
    15. Eliasson, Jonas & Mattsson, Lars-Göran, 2006. "Equity effects of congestion pricing: Quantitative methodology and a case study for Stockholm," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(7), pages 602-620, August.
    16. Carmona, Pedro & Dwekat, Aladdin & Mardawi, Zeena, 2022. "No more black boxes! Explaining the predictions of a machine learning XGBoost classifier algorithm in business failure," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    17. Das, Sanhita & Boruah, Alice & Banerjee, Arunabha & Raoniar, Rahul & Nama, Suresh & Maurya, Akhilesh Kumar, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19: A radical modal shift from public to private transport mode," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-11.
    18. Adam Przybylowski & Sandra Stelmak & Michal Suchanek, 2021. "Mobility Behaviour in View of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Public Transport Users in Gdansk Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, January.
    19. Gramsch, Benjamin & Guevara, C. Angelo & Munizaga, Marcela & Schwartz, Daniel & Tirachini, Alejandro, 2022. "The effect of dynamic lockdowns on public transport demand in times of COVID-19: Evidence from smartcard data," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 136-150.
    20. Simona Šinko & Klemen Prah & Tomaž Kramberger, 2021. "Spatial Modelling of Modal Shift Due to COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-15, June.
    21. Franco Basso & Raúl Pezoa & Nicolás Tapia & Mauricio Varas, 2022. "Estimation of the Origin-Destination Matrix for Trucks That Use Highways: A Case Study in Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, February.
    22. Vickerman, Roger, 2021. "Will Covid-19 put the public back in public transport? A UK perspective," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 95-102.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Xiaojian & Zhou, Zhengze & Xu, Yiming & Zhao, Xilei, 2024. "Analyzing spatial heterogeneity of ridesourcing usage determinants using explainable machine learning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    2. Cheng, Long & Ning, Zhe & Lei, Da & Cai, Xinmei & Chen, Xuewu, 2024. "Assessing the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on passengers' reliance on public transport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    3. Basso, Franco & Feijoo, Felipe & Pezoa, Raúl & Varas, Mauricio & Vidal, Brian, 2024. "The impact of electromobility in public transport: An estimation of energy consumption using disaggregated data in Santiago, Chile," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    4. Basso, Franco & Cox, Tomás & Pezoa, Raúl & Maldonado, Tomás & Varas, Mauricio, 2024. "Characterizing last-mile freight transportation using mobile phone data: The case of Santiago, Chile," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    5. Basso, Franco & Núñez, Matías & Paredes-Belmar, German & Pezoa, Raúl & Varas, Mauricio, 2024. "Estimation of stops of last-mile delivery vehicles: An application in the food industry in the city of Santiago de Chile," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karimi, Sina & Samadzad, Mahdi & Lesteven, Gaele, 2024. "Navigating public transport during a pandemic: Key lessons on travel behavior and social equity from two surveys in Tehran," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    2. Jaydarifard, Saeed & Morawska, Lidia & Paz, Alexander, 2024. "Mitigating airborne infection risks in public transportation: A systematic review," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 309-320.
    3. Xu, Xinyue & Liu, Jing & Zhang, Anzhong & XieLan, Shiyu & Li, Zinuo & Liu, Jun & Ran, Bin, 2024. "The impacts of COVID-19 on route choice with guidance information in urban rail transit of megacities," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    4. Bagdatli, Muhammed Emin Cihangir & Ipek, Fatima, 2022. "Transport mode preferences of university students in post-COVID-19 pandemic," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 20-32.
    5. Cheng, Long & Ning, Zhe & Lei, Da & Cai, Xinmei & Chen, Xuewu, 2024. "Assessing the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on passengers' reliance on public transport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    6. Soria, Jason & Edward, Deirdre & Stathopoulos, Amanda, 2023. "Requiem for transit ridership? An examination of who abandoned, who will return, and who will ride more with mobility as a service," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 139-154.
    7. Wang, Chunan & Jiang, Changmin, 2022. "How do pandemics affect intercity air travel? Implications for traffic and environment," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 330-353.
    8. Iglesias, Vicente & Raveau, Sebastián, 2024. "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on crowding aversion in public transport and transport mode choice: The case of Santiago, Chile," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 167-174.
    9. Varameth Vichiensan & Yoshitsugu Hayashi & Sudarat Kamnerdsap, 2021. "COVID-19 Countermeasures and Passengers’ Confidence of Urban Rail Travel in Bangkok," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-22, August.
    10. Christidis, Panayotis & Navajas Cawood, Elena & Fiorello, Davide, 2022. "Challenges for urban transport policy after the Covid-19 pandemic: Main findings from a survey in 20 European cities," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 105-116.
    11. Zhou, Yuyang & Wang, Peiyu & Zheng, Shuyan & Zhao, Minhe & Lam, William H.K. & Chen, Anthony & Sze, N.N. & Chen, Yanyan, 2024. "Modeling dynamic travel mode choices using cumulative prospect theory," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    12. Daniel Albalate & Xavier Fageda, 2022. ""Have Low Emission Zones slowed urban traffic recovery after Covid-19?"," IREA Working Papers 202222, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Dec 2022.
    13. Zhang, Junyi & Hayashi, Yoshitsugu, 2022. "Research frontier of COVID-19 and passenger transport: A focus on policymaking," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 78-88.
    14. Sunio, Varsolo & Mateo-Babiano, Iderlina, 2022. "Pandemics as ‘windows of opportunity’: Transitioning towards more sustainable and resilient transport systems," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 175-187.
    15. Xu, Ningzhe & Nie, Qifan & Liu, Jun & Jones, Steven, 2024. "Linking short- and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel behavior and travel preferences in Alabama: A machine learning-supported path analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 46-62.
    16. Long, Alfie & Carney, Ffion & Kandt, Jens, 2023. "Who is returning to public transport for non-work trips after COVID-19? Evidence from older citizens' smart cards in the UK's second largest city region," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    17. Kapatsila, Bogdan & Bahamonde-Birke, Francisco J. & van Lierop, Dea & Grisé, Emily, 2023. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the comfort of riding a crowded bus in Metro Vancouver, Canada," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 83-96.
    18. Khadem Sameni, Melody & Barzegar Tilenoie, Amine & Dini, Niloofar, 2021. "Will modal shift occur from subway to other modes of transportation in the post-corona world in developing countries?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 82-89.
    19. Ouassim Manout & Louafi Bouzouina & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2023. "On the bumpy road to recovery: resilience of public transport ridership during COVID-19 in 15 European cities," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    20. Ouassim Manout & Louafi Bouzouina & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2023. "On the bumpy road to recovery: resilience of public transport ridership during COVID-19 in 15 European cities," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:109:y:2023:i:c:s0966692323000662. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-geography .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.