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Intentional Observational Clinical Research Design: Innovative Design for Complex Clinical Research Using Advanced Technology

Author

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  • Tetsuya Tanioka

    (Department of Nursing Outcome Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan)

  • Rozzano C. Locsin

    (Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan
    Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA)

  • Feni Betriana

    (Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan)

  • Yoshihiro Kai

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan)

  • Kyoko Osaka

    (Department of Nursing, Nursing Course of Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan)

  • Elizabeth Baua

    (Graduate School, St. Paul University Philippines, Tuguegarao 3500, Philippines)

  • Savina Schoenhofer

    (Anne Boykin Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA)

Abstract

The growing use of robots in nursing and healthcare facilities has prompted increasing research on human–robot interactions. However, specific research designs that can guide researchers to conduct rigorous investigations on human–robot interactions are limited. This paper aims to discuss the development and application of a new research design—the Intentional Observational Clinical Research Design (IOCRD). Data sources to develop the IOCRD were derived from surveyed literature of the past decade, focusing on clinical nursing research and theories relating robotics to nursing and healthcare practice. The distinction between IOCRD and other research design is the simultaneous data generation collected using advanced technological devices, for example, the wireless Bonaly-light electrocardiogram (ECG) to track heart rate variability of research subjects, robot application programs on the iPad mini to control robot speech and gestures, and Natural Language Processing programs. Even though IOCRD was developed for human–robot research, there remain vast opportunities for its use in nursing practice and healthcare. With the unique feature of simultaneous data generation and analysis, an interdisciplinary collaborative research team is strongly suggested. The IOCRD is expected to contribute guidance for researchers in conducting clinical research related to robotics in nursing and healthcare.

Suggested Citation

  • Tetsuya Tanioka & Rozzano C. Locsin & Feni Betriana & Yoshihiro Kai & Kyoko Osaka & Elizabeth Baua & Savina Schoenhofer, 2021. "Intentional Observational Clinical Research Design: Innovative Design for Complex Clinical Research Using Advanced Technology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11184-:d:663973
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tetsuya Tanioka & Tomoya Yokotani & Ryuichi Tanioka & Feni Betriana & Kazuyuki Matsumoto & Rozzano Locsin & Yueren Zhao & Kyoko Osaka & Misao Miyagawa & Savina Schoenhofer, 2021. "Development Issues of Healthcare Robots: Compassionate Communication for Older Adults with Dementia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Nancy Leech & Anthony Onwuegbuzie, 2009. "A typology of mixed methods research designs," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 265-275, March.
    3. Valentina Bressan & Annamaria Bagnasco & Giuseppe Aleo & Fiona Timmins & Michela Barisone & Monica Bianchi & Ramona Pellegrini & Loredana Sasso, 2017. "Mixed‐methods research in nursing – a critical review," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(19-20), pages 2878-2890, October.
    4. Francesca Iandolo & Pietro Vito & Irene Fulco & Francesca Loia, 2018. "From Health Technology Assessment to Health Technology Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
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