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Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Maryland

Author

Listed:
  • Jonathan Hall

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Joseph Galarraga

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Isabelle Berman

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Camryn Edwards

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Niya Khanjar

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Lucy Kavi

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Rianna Murray

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Kristen Burwell-Naney

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Chengsheng Jiang

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Sacoby Wilson

    (School of Public Health, College Park, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

Abstract

Maryland’s growing chicken industry, including concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and meat processing plants, raises a number of concerns regarding public health and environmental justice. Using hot spot analysis, we analyzed the totality of Maryland’s CAFOs and meat processing plants and those restricted to the Eastern Shore to assess whether communities of color and/or low socioeconomic status communities disproportionately hosted these types of facilities at the census tract level. We used zero-inflated regression modeling to determine the strength of the associations between environmental justice variables and the location of CAFOs and meatpacking facilities at the State level and on the Eastern Shore. Hot spot analyses demonstrated that CAFO hot spots on the Eastern Shore were located in counties with some of the lowest wealth in the State, including the lowest ranking county—Somerset. Zero-inflated regression models demonstrated that increases in median household income across the state were associated with a 0.04-unit reduction in CAFOs. For every unit increase in the percentage of people of color (POC), there was a 0.02-unit increase in meat processing facilities across the state. The distribution of CAFOs and meat processing plants across Maryland may contribute to poor health outcomes in areas affected by such production, and contribute to health disparities and health inequity.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan Hall & Joseph Galarraga & Isabelle Berman & Camryn Edwards & Niya Khanjar & Lucy Kavi & Rianna Murray & Kristen Burwell-Naney & Chengsheng Jiang & Sacoby Wilson, 2021. "Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Maryland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11039-:d:660920
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Osterberg, D. & Wallinga, D., 2004. "Addressing externalities from swine production to reduce public health and environmental impacts," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(10), pages 1703-1708.
    2. Georgeanne M. Artz & Peter F. Orazem & Daniel M. Otto, 2007. "Measuring the Impact of Meat Packing and Processing Facilities in Nonmetropolitan Counties: A Difference-in-Differences Approach," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 89(3), pages 557-570.
    3. Dimitri, Carolyn & Effland, Anne & Conklin, Neilson C., 2005. "The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy," Economic Information Bulletin 59390, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Artz, Georgeanne M., 2012. "Immigration and Meatpacking in the Midwest," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 27(2), pages 1-5.
    5. Artz, Georgeanne M. & Orazem, Peter F. & Otto, Daniel M., 2007. "AJAE appendix: Measuring the Impact of Meat Packing and Processing Facilities in Non-metropolitan Counties: A Difference-in-Differences Approach," American Journal of Agricultural Economics APPENDICES, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 89(3), pages 1-40, September.
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