IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i19p10402-d649110.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

E-Cigarette Use, Systemic Inflammation, and Depression

Author

Listed:
  • Kayla Rae Farrell

    (Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA)

  • Emma Karey

    (Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA)

  • Shu Xu

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA)

  • Grace Gibbon

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA)

  • Terry Gordon

    (Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA)

  • Michael Weitzman

    (Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
    Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
    Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

Abstract

Background: E-cigarette use (vaping) is an emerging public health problem. Depression has been found to be associated with e-cigarette use, and vaping and depression are each associated with elevated systemic inflammation. To date, the role of inflammation in the relationship between vaping and depression has not been explored. Objective: To assess the independent associations between e-cigarette use, depression, and inflammation, and to investigate whether the likelihood of depression among current e-cigarette users is associated with systemic inflammation. Methods: Nationally representative NHANES data from 2015–2018 were used ( n = 4961). Systemic inflammation was defined as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 8.0 mg/L. Depressed individuals were characterized by a score ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Current e-cigarette users were defined as individuals who vaped at least once in the past 30 days and these individuals were stratified by use: exclusive users (reported smoking less than 100 combustible cigarettes in their lifetime), dual users (reported current use of electronic and combustible cigarettes), and e-cigarette users who were previous smokers. Bivariate analyses were used to assess independent associations between vaping, depression, and inflammation; and weighted logistic regression analyses adjusting for BMI, sex, and economic status were used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for depression by e-cigarette category stratified by differential CRP levels. Results: Depression occurred in 16.7% of all e-cigarette users vs. 5.0% of those who never used e-cigarettes ( p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, the following elevated ORs were found: all current e-cigarette users with CRP <8 = 3.37 (95% CI: 2.06, 5.51) vs. CRP ≥8 = 6.70 (2.48, 18.11); exclusive e-cigarette users with CRP <8 = 1.91 (0.78, 4.69) vs. those with CRP ≥8 = 5.09 (1.44, 18.02); and dual users with CRP <8 = 4.31 (2.35, 7.89) vs. those with CRP ≥8 = 7.37 (1.85, 29.41). These ORs indicate that depression is associated with each category of e-cigarette use; however, we found this association did not vary by systemic inflammation level (interaction p -values > 0.05). Conclusion: While a pattern of greater ORs for depression among e-cigarette users with elevated CRP provides provocative findings that might suggest a potential role of inflammation in the association between vaping and depression, we failed to find evidence that inflammation clearly moderates this association. While it is possible that depression among e-cigarette users may be influenced by systemic inflammation, a reproduction of the current study is necessary among a larger cohort to elucidate the effect of inflammation on depression among e-cigarette users.

Suggested Citation

  • Kayla Rae Farrell & Emma Karey & Shu Xu & Grace Gibbon & Terry Gordon & Michael Weitzman, 2021. "E-Cigarette Use, Systemic Inflammation, and Depression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-13, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10402-:d:649110
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/19/10402/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/19/10402/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Matthew W. Ridley & Gautam Rao & Frank Schilbach & Vikram H. Patel, 2020. "Poverty, Depression, and Anxiety: Causal Evidence and Mechanisms," NBER Working Papers 27157, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Jarvis, M.J. & Russell, M.A.H. & Benowitz, N.L. & Feyerabend, C., 1988. "Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: Implications for noninvasive measurement of tobacco smoke exposure," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 78(6), pages 696-698.
    3. Dana E. Lauterstein & Pamella B. Tijerina & Kevin Corbett & Betul Akgol Oksuz & Steven S. Shen & Terry Gordon & Catherine B. Klein & Judith T. Zelikoff, 2016. "Frontal Cortex Transcriptome Analysis of Mice Exposed to Electronic Cigarettes During Early Life Stages," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. David Adzrago & Melissa B. Harrell & Kayo Fujimoto & Antwan Jones & J. Michael Wilkerson, 2023. "Association between E-Cigarette Use Behaviors and Anxiety/Depression among Black/African American Adults Based on Sexual Identity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mayank Aggarwal & Anindya S. Chakrabarti & Chirantan Chatterjee, 2023. "Movies, stigma and choice: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(5), pages 1019-1039, May.
    2. Malavasi, Chiara & Ye, Han, 2024. "Live Longer and Healthier: Impact of Pension Income for Low-Income Retirees," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302374, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    3. Daniel Bjorkegren & Joshua Blumenstock & Omowunmi Folajimi-Senjobi & Jacqueline Mauro & Suraj R. Nair, 2022. "Instant Loans Can Lift Subjective Well-Being: A Randomized Evaluation of Digital Credit in Nigeria," Papers 2202.13540, arXiv.org.
    4. Lefgren, Lars J. & Stoddard, Olga B. & Stovall, John E., 2021. "Rationalizing self-defeating behaviors: Theory and evidence," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    5. Angelucci, Manuela & Bennett, Daniel M, 2022. "Depression, Pharmacotherapy, and the Demand for a Novel Health Product," IZA Discussion Papers 15832, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Alloush, Mo & Bloem, Jeffrey R., 2022. "Neighborhood violence, poverty, and psychological well-being," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    7. Cleofas, Jerome Visperas, 2023. "Internet access as a moderator of mental health and satisfaction with life during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from young Filipino undergraduates from income-poor households," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    8. Kenneth Owusu Ansah & Nutifafa Eugene Yaw Dey & Abigail Esinam Adade & Pascal Agbadi, 2022. "Determinants of life satisfaction among Ghanaians aged 15 to 49 years: A further analysis of the 2017/2018 Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Christopher Roth & Peter Schwardmann & Egon Tripodi, 2024. "Misperceived Effectiveness and the Demand for Psychotherapy," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 500, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
    10. Berezin, McKenzie N. & Javdani, Shabnam & Godfrey, Erin, 2022. "Predictors of sexual and reproductive health among girls involved in the juvenile legal system: The influence of resources, race, and ethnicity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    11. Naijie Guan & Alessandra Guariglia & Patrick Moore & Fangzhou Xu & Hareth Al-Janabi, 2022. "Financial stress and depression in adults: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-20, February.
    12. Mari, Gabriele, 2023. "Less for more? Cuts to child benefits, family adjustments, and long-run child outcomes in larger families," SocArXiv e3n82, Center for Open Science.
    13. Annie Irvine & Nikolas Rose, 2024. "How Does Precarious Employment Affect Mental Health? A Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence from Western Economies," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 38(2), pages 418-441, April.
    14. Garman, E.C. & Avendano, Mauricio & Araya, Ricardo & Evans-Lacko, Sara & McDaid, David & Zimmerman, A. & Lund, C., 2022. "Understanding the complex relationship between multidimensional poverty and depressive symptoms among young South Africans: a cross-sectional study," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 116674, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    15. Luca Braghieri & Ro'ee Levy & Alexey Makarin, 2022. "Social Media and Mental Health," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 112(11), pages 3660-3693, November.
    16. Francesco Bogliacino & Cristiano Codagnone & Frans Folkvord & Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva, 2023. "The impact of labour market shocks on mental health: evidence from the Covid-19 first wave," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 40(3), pages 899-930, October.
    17. Getik, Demid & Meier, Armando N., 2022. "Peer gender and mental health⁎," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 643-659.
    18. Mas Ayu Said & Govindamal Thangiah & Hazreen Abdul Majid & Rozmi Ismail & Tan Maw Pin & Hussein Rizal & Mohd Azlan Shah Zaidi & Daniel Reidpath & Tin Tin Su, 2022. "Income Disparity and Mental Wellbeing among Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Malaysia: The Mediating Role of Social Capital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-16, May.
    19. He, Wenjian & Cheng, Yu & Lin, Ying & Zhang, Hongxiao, 2022. "Microeconomic effects of designating National Forest Cities: Evidence from China's publicly traded manufacturing companies," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    20. Mika Akesaka & Peter Eibich & Chie Hanaoka & Hitoshi Shigeoka, 2023. "Temporal Instability of Risk Preference among the Poor: Evidence from Payday Cycles," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 68-99, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10402-:d:649110. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.