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Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6–8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC–IT Study

Author

Listed:
  • Caroline M. Sedumedi

    (Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa)

  • Xanne Janssen

    (Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland, UK)

  • John J. Reilly

    (Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland, UK)

  • Herculina S. Kruger

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa)

  • Makama Andries Monyeki

    (Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
    Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland, UK)

Abstract

Physical inactivity in children is a global pandemic in parallel with increasing obesity prevalence. However, studies assessing the association between physical activity (PA) and body composition (BC) report conflicting findings, possibly because of the different methodologies across studies, with objective methods promising reliable results. This study determines the association between objectively determined PA levels and BC in 6–8-year-old children from a black South African population. Ninety-three children aged 6–8 years, who formed part of a larger study on BC using the deuterium dilution method (DDM), were included. Height and weight were measured according to the standard procedures, and body mass index z-score was calculated. Fatness was determined by DDM. An accelerometer was used to measure PA levels. Regression models were performed to determine the relationship between PA and BC. Approximately 23% of the children did not meet the recommended PA guidelines and 27% were overfat. After adjustments were made, more time spent in vigorous PA was significantly associated with lower fat mass (β = −0.25, p = 0.01, 95%CI: −11.08; −1.20) and fat mass % (β = −0.20, p = 0.04, 95%CI: −12.63; −0.18). Participation in high PA, especially of high intensity, was associated with reduced adiposity in children. Behavioural changes such as increasing high intensity PA is strongly recommended for reducing adiposity.

Suggested Citation

  • Caroline M. Sedumedi & Xanne Janssen & John J. Reilly & Herculina S. Kruger & Makama Andries Monyeki, 2021. "Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6–8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC–IT Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6453-:d:575023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Williams, D.P. & Going, S.B. & Lohman, T.G. & Harsha, D.W. & Srinivasan, S.R. & Webber, L.S. & Berenson, G.S., 1992. "Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(3), pages 358-363.
    2. Ole Sprengeler & Norman Wirsik & Antje Hebestreit & Diana Herrmann & Wolfgang Ahrens, 2017. "Domain-Specific Self-Reported and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Adama Diouf & Mbeugué Thiam & Nicole Idohou-Dossou & Ousmane Diongue & Ndé Mégné & Khady Diallo & Pape Malick Sembène & Salimata Wade, 2016. "Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behaviors among Public School Children in Dakar (Senegal) Measured by PAQ-C and Accelerometer: Preliminary Results," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, October.
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