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Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents

Author

Listed:
  • Williams, D.P.
  • Going, S.B.
  • Lohman, T.G.
  • Harsha, D.W.
  • Srinivasan, S.R.
  • Webber, L.S.
  • Berenson, G.S.

Abstract

Background. Recent studies have shown considerable variation in body fatness among children and adolescents defined as obese by a percentile rank for skinfold thickness. Methods. We examined the relationship between percent body fat and risk for elevated blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in a biracial sample of 3320 children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years. Equations developed specifically for children using the sum of subscapular (S) and triceps (T) skin-folds were used to estimate percent fat. The S/T ratio provided an index of trunkal fat patterning. Results. Significant overrepresentation (>20%) of the uppermost quintile (UQ) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was evident at or above 25% fat in males (32.2% to 37.3% in UQ) and at or above 30% fat in females (26.6% to 45.4% in UQ), even after adjusting for age, race, fasting status, and trunkal fat patterning. Conclusions. These data support the concept of body fatness standards in White and Black children and adolescents as significant predictors of CVD risk factors. Potential applications of these obesity standards include epidemiologic surveys, pediatric health screenings, and youth fitness tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Williams, D.P. & Going, S.B. & Lohman, T.G. & Harsha, D.W. & Srinivasan, S.R. & Webber, L.S. & Berenson, G.S., 1992. "Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(3), pages 358-363.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1992:82:3:358-363_5
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    1. Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez & Celia Pérez-Muñoz & Jesús Carretero-Bravo & Catalina Ruíz-Ruíz & Manuel Serrano-Santamaría & Bernardo C. Ferriz-Mas, 2021. "Early Risk Factors for Obesity in the First 1000 Days—Relationship with Body Fat and BMI at 2 Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-13, August.
    2. repec:mpr:mprres:2815 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Santiago Maillane-Vanegas & Francis Fatoye & Rafael Luiz-de-Marco & Jamile Sanches Codogno & Diego Augusto Santos Silva & Carlos Marcelo Pastre & Romulo A. Fernandes, 2022. "Low Occurrence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Swimming? Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Sports Participation in Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study (ABCD—Growth Study)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-11, March.
    4. Hamilton H. T. Reis & Ciro J. Brito & Manuel Sillero-Quintana & Alisson G. Silva & Ismael Fernández-Cuevas & Matheus S. Cerqueira & Francisco Z. Werneck & João C. B. Marins, 2023. "Can Adipose Tissue Influence the Evaluation of Thermographic Images in Adolescents?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-11, March.
    5. Caroline M. Sedumedi & Xanne Janssen & John J. Reilly & Herculina S. Kruger & Makama Andries Monyeki, 2021. "Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6–8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC–IT Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    6. Paula Costa-Urrutia & Valentina Colistro & Valentina Franco-Trecu & Julio Granados & Rafael Álvarez Fariña & Martha Eunice Rodríguez-Arellano, 2021. "Dyslipidemia, Obesity, and Ethnicity in Mexican Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Katarzyna Ługowska & Wojciech Kolanowski, 2022. "The Impact of Physical Activity at School on Body Fat Content in School-Aged Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-18, September.
    8. Phyllis Addo & Eric Adua & Obed Akwaa Harrison & Rose Otema Baah & Alex Kojo Anderson & Matilda Steiner-Aseidu, 2017. "School-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Improves Nutrition Knowledge and Lipid Profile among Overweight/Obese Children," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(10), pages 109-109, October.
    9. Núbia de Souza de Morais & Francilene Maria Azevedo & Ariane Ribeiro de Freitas Rocha & Dayane de Castro Morais & Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro & Vivian Siqueira Santos Gonçalves & Sylvia do Carmo Ca, 2023. "Body Fat Is Superior to Body Mass Index in Predicting Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    10. Viktoryia Karchynskaya & Jaroslava Kopcakova & Daniel Klein & Aleš Gába & Andrea Madarasova-Geckova & Jitse P. van Dijk & Andrea F. de Winter & Sijmen A. Reijneveld, 2020. "Is BMI a Valid Indicator of Overweight and Obesity for Adolescents?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-10, July.
    11. Hilde Liisa Nashandi & Andries Makama Monyeki & John J. Reilly, 2024. "Association between Physical Activity and Health Outcomes (High Body Fatness, High Blood Pressure) in Namibian Adolescents and Adult women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-13, April.
    12. Richard P. Troiano & Ronette Briefel & Margaret D. Carroll & Karil Bialostosky, "undated". "Energy and Fat Intakes of Children and Adolescents in the United States: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys," Mathematica Policy Research Reports e1cab32da84a4d2887d073897, Mathematica Policy Research.
    13. Theodosia Adom & André Pascal Kengne & Anniza De Villiers & Rose Boatin & Thandi Puoane, 2019. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Body Mass Index in Defining Childhood Obesity: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from Ghanaian Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-11, December.
    14. David Monasor-Ortolá & Jose Antonio Quesada-Rico & Ana Pilar Nso-Roca & Mercedes Rizo-Baeza & Ernesto Cortés-Castell & Asier Martínez-Segura & Francisco Sánchez-Ferrer, 2021. "Degree of Accuracy of the BMI Z-Score to Determine Excess Fat Mass Using DXA in Children and Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-9, November.

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