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The Paradox Association between Smoking and Blood Pressure among Half Million Chinese People

Author

Listed:
  • Mengying Wang

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Wenyong Li

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Ren Zhou

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Siyue Wang

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Hongchen Zheng

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Jin Jiang

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Shengfeng Wang

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Canqing Yu

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Wenjing Gao

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Jun Lv

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Tao Wu

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Weihua Cao

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Yonghua Hu

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Liming Li

    (School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • John S. Ji

    (Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
    Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA)

Abstract

Background : The association between smoking and blood pressure (BP) has been explored extensively, yet the results remain inconclusive. Using real-world evidence of a large Chinese population, we examine the effect of smoking on BP levels. Methods : We utilize half a million adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study with baseline sampling collected between 2004 and 2008. Multivariable linear regression analyses are used to estimate linear regression coefficients of smoking for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Results: 459,815 participants (180,236 males and 279,579 females) are included in the analysis. Regular smoking is significantly associated with lower SBP (−0.57 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and DBP (−0.35 mm Hg, p < 0.001) when compared with non-smoking in men. Additionally, SBP and DBP decrease significantly among all groups of different smoking status in women ( p < 0.001). Additionally, pack-years show negative associations with SBP and DBP in both men and women. Further analysis shows the interaction of smoking and alcohol consumption is associated with an increase of SBP and DBP (men: 2.38 mm Hg and 0.89 mm Hg; women: 5.21 mm Hg and 2.62 mm Hg) among co-regular smokers and regular drinkers when compared with regular smokers who are not exposed to alcohol consumption. Conclusions: A negative association between smoking and BP is observed. However, the interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption is associated with BP increase. The findings suggest the importance of considering smoking and alcohol consumption in BP control in addition to antihypertensive treatment in clinical and public health practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Mengying Wang & Wenyong Li & Ren Zhou & Siyue Wang & Hongchen Zheng & Jin Jiang & Shengfeng Wang & Canqing Yu & Wenjing Gao & Jun Lv & Tao Wu & Weihua Cao & Yonghua Hu & Liming Li & John S. Ji, 2020. "The Paradox Association between Smoking and Blood Pressure among Half Million Chinese People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2824-:d:347806
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kyung-Hwa Choi & Myung-Sook Park & Jung Ae Kim & Ji-Ae Lim, 2015. "Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Jun Lv & Wei Chen & Dianjianyi Sun & Shengxu Li & Iona Y Millwood & Margaret Smith & Yu Guo & Zheng Bian & Canqing Yu & Huiyan Zhou & Yunlong Tan & Junshi Chen & Zhengming Chen & Liming Li & China Kad, 2015. "Gender-Specific Association between Tobacco Smoking and Central Obesity among 0.5 Million Chinese People: The China Kadoorie Biobank Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Lina Chen & George Davey Smith & Roger M Harbord & Sarah J Lewis, 2008. "Alcohol Intake and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review Implementing a Mendelian Randomization Approach," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(3), pages 1-11, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes & Hamizatul Akmal Abd Hamid & Mohd Ruhaizie Riyadzi & Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani & Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip & Norli Abdul Jabbar & Halizah Mat Rifin & Thamil Arasu Saminatha, 2022. "Findings from a Nationwide Study on Alcohol Consumption Patterns in an Upper Middle-Income Country," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Alfred Pozarickij & Wei Gan & Kuang Lin & Robert Clarke & Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter & Masaru Koido & Masahiro Kanai & Yukinori Okada & Yoichiro Kamatani & Derrick Bennett & Huaidong Du & Yiping Chen & Li, 2024. "Causal relevance of different blood pressure traits on risk of cardiovascular diseases: GWAS and Mendelian randomisation in 100,000 Chinese adults," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Yawen Wang & Yuntong Yao & Yun Chen & Jie Zhou & Yanli Wu & Chaowei Fu & Na Wang & Tao Liu & Kelin Xu, 2022. "Association between Drinking Patterns and Incident Hypertension in Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-20, March.

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