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Type D Personality Is Associated with Psychological Distress and Poor Self-Rated Health among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study in Japan

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  • Yosuke Kasai
  • Etsuji Suzuki
  • Toshihide Iwase
  • Hiroyuki Doi
  • Soshi Takao

Abstract

We investigated the association between Type D personality, psychological distress, and self-ratings of poor health in elderly Japanese people. In August 2010, questionnaires were sent to all residents aged ≥65 in three municipalities (n = 21232) in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, and. 13929 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 65.6%). To assess mental and physical health outcomes, we used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and a single item question regarding perceived general health. We analyzed 9759 questionnaires to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for several health outcomes, adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, overweight status, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and number of cohabiters. The multiple imputation method was employed for missing data regarding Type D personality. The prevalence of Type D personality in our sample was 46.2%. After adjusting for covariates, we found that participants with Type D personality were at 4–5 times the risk of psychological distress, and twice the risk of poor self-rated health. This association was stronger in participants aged 65–74 years (psychological distress; OR: 5.80, 95% CI: 4.96–6.78, poor self-rated health; OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 2.38–3.38) than in those aged over 75 years (psychological distress; OR: 4.54, 95% CI: 3.96–5.19, poor self-rated health; OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.79–2.34). Type D personality is associated with adverse health status among Japanese elderly people in terms of mental and physical risk; therefore, further research into the implications of this personality type is warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Yosuke Kasai & Etsuji Suzuki & Toshihide Iwase & Hiroyuki Doi & Soshi Takao, 2013. "Type D Personality Is Associated with Psychological Distress and Poor Self-Rated Health among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study in Japan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-7, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0077918
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077918
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jylhä, Marja, 2009. "What is self-rated health and why does it predict mortality? Towards a unified conceptual model," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 307-316, August.
    2. Iwata, Noboru & Buka, Stephen, 2002. "Race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms: a cross-cultural/ethnic comparison among university students in East Asia, North and South America," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 55(12), pages 2243-2252, December.
    3. Akihiro Nishi & Ichiro Kawachi & Kokoro Shirai & Hiroshi Hirai & Seungwon Jeong & Katsunori Kondo, 2012. "Sex/Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in the Predictive Ability of Self-Rated Health for Mortality," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, January.
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    1. Natalia Golini & Viviana Egidi, 2016. "The Latent Dimensions of Poor Self-Rated Health: How Chronic Diseases, Functional and Emotional Dimensions Interact Influencing Self-Rated Health in Italian Elderly," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 128(1), pages 321-339, August.

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