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Association between Smoking and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

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  • Xiaowen Li

    (Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China)

  • Xing Rong

    (The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Tianqiang St., Huangpu West Ave., Guangzhou 510620, China)

  • Zhi Wang

    (The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Tianqiang St., Huangpu West Ave., Guangzhou 510620, China)

  • Aihua Lin

    (Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
    Department of Health Service and Management, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the results of previously published observational studies through meta-analysis to clarify the association between smoking and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). We searched several databases as of October 2019. Based on the results of heterogeneity analysis ( Q statistic and I 2 statistic), a fixed effect model (for no heterogeneity; Q test P > 0.1 and I 2 ≤ 50%) or a random effects model (for heterogeneity) was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs). We explored the potential dose-response relationship between smoking and NIHL as well. In total, 27 studies involving 30,465 participants were included. Compared with non-smokers, the pooled OR of current smokers was 2.05 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.71–2.46), and of former smokers was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05–1.18). We found a curve linear association between an increasing number of pack-years (packages/day × smoking years) and risk of NIHL. The dose-response meta-analysis suggested that when the number of pack-years was less than fifteen, the risk of NIHL was increasing, and the highest combined OR was 5.25 (95% CI: 2.30–11.96) for pack-years of fifteen. After fifteen pack-years, the pooled OR had a slow decline. Our study indicated that smoking is a risk factor for NIHL. Current smokers have a higher risk than former smokers, and there is a positive dose-response relationship between smoking and NIHL.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaowen Li & Xing Rong & Zhi Wang & Aihua Lin, 2020. "Association between Smoking and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1201-:d:320261
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    References listed on IDEAS

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