IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i21p8037-d438220.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Relationships between Extra-School Tutoring Time, Somatic Symptoms, and Sleep Duration of Adolescent Students: A Panel Analysis Using Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Jin-Won Noh

    (Department of Health Administration, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea)

  • Jinseok Kim

    (Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea)

  • Jooyoung Cheon

    (Department of Nursing Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea)

  • Yejin Lee

    (Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea)

  • Young Dae Kwon

    (Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea)

Abstract

As private tutoring has expanded worldwide, it has been noted that private tutoring and associated emotional distress can affect sleep duration and the health of adolescent students. However, the relationships between extra-school tutoring time, somatic symptoms, defined as physical symptoms of emotional distress, and sleep duration in adolescents has rarely been determined. The aim of this study was to identify these relationships in adolescent students. Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were analyzed to address the research questions. Weekday sleep duration, extra-school tutoring time, and somatic symptoms were measured using adolescents’ self-report questionnaires. A multilevel, structural equation model was utilized to test the relationships between these variables and was deemed appropriate considering the repeated measure of the panel data. After controlling for respondent sex, parent working status and education level, and family structure, adolescents’ extra-school tutoring time and level of somatic symptoms were associated with sleep duration during weekdays. Furthermore, the association between extra-school tutoring time and sleep duration was partially mediated by somatic symptoms. Korean adolescent students slept less than the recommended duration. Intervention programs that increase parental interest and attention in adolescent students’ lives, not only focused on academic achievement but also emotional distress is needed. Researchers and policymakers should understand recommended age-appropriate sleep duration and the educational culture and provide balanced strategies between the consideration of the effect of private education on academic achievement and the need to guarantee physical and mental health in adolescent students.

Suggested Citation

  • Jin-Won Noh & Jinseok Kim & Jooyoung Cheon & Yejin Lee & Young Dae Kwon, 2020. "Relationships between Extra-School Tutoring Time, Somatic Symptoms, and Sleep Duration of Adolescent Students: A Panel Analysis Using Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-9, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:8037-:d:438220
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/21/8037/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/21/8037/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bray, Mark & Zhan, Shengli & Lykins, Chad & Wang, Dan & Kwo, Ora, 2014. "Differentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary education," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 24-37.
    2. Dang, Hai-Anh, 2007. "The determinants and impact of private tutoring classes in Vietnam," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 683-698, December.
    3. Sunwoong Kim & Ju-Ho Lee, 2010. "Private Tutoring and Demand for Education in South Korea," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(2), pages 259-296, January.
    4. Asankha Pallegedara, 2012. "Demand for private tutoring in a free education country. The case of Sri Lanka," International Journal of Education Economics and Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 3(4), pages 375-393.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. I-Chien Chen & Ping-Yin Kuan, 2021. "The Heterogeneous Effects of Participation in Shadow Education on Mental Health of High School Students in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Pablo Farías, 2020. "The Use of Fear versus Hope in Health Advertisements: The Moderating Role of Individual Characteristics on Subsequent Health Decisions in Chile," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Oana Mariana Ciuchi, 2023. "Tutoring—An Emerging Phenomenon in the Romanian Education System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-13, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mehtabul Azam, 2016. "Private Tutoring: Evidence from India," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(4), pages 739-761, November.
    2. Bray, Mark & Zhan, Shengli & Lykins, Chad & Wang, Dan & Kwo, Ora, 2014. "Differentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary education," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 24-37.
    3. Pallegedara, Asankha & Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, 2018. "Patterns and determinants of private tutoring: The case of Bangladesh households," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 43-50.
    4. Mandikiana, Brian W., 2021. "Choice and expenditure: A double hurdle model of private tutoring in Qatar," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 1-15.
    5. Ali Fakih & Nathir Haimoun & Anastasia Sleiman, 2022. "What drives demand for private tutoring in the Middle East and North Africa region? Evidence from a Youth Survey," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 268-279, June.
    6. Sun, Lunxuan & Shafiq, M. Najeeb & McClure, Maureen & Guo, Sisi, 2020. "Are there educational and psychological benefits from private supplementary tutoring in Mainland China? Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey, 2013–15," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    7. Hsiao-Lei Chu, 2015. "Private Tutoring, Wealth Constraint and Higher Education," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(4), pages 608-634, October.
    8. Choi, Hoon & Choi, Álvaro, 2016. "Regulating private tutoring consumption in Korea: Lessons from another failure," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 144-156.
    9. Zhang, Yu & Liu, Junyan, 2016. "The effectiveness of private tutoring in China with a focus on class-size," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 35-42.
    10. Pan, Zheng & Lien, Donald & Wang, Hao, 2022. "Peer effects and shadow education," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    11. Gamlath, Sharmila & Lahiri, Radhika, 2018. "Public and private education expenditures, variable elasticity of substitution and economic growth," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-14.
    12. Hajar, Anas & Karakus, Mehmet, 2024. "A bibliometric analysis of shadow education in Asia: Private supplementary tutoring and its implications," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    13. Kobakhidze, M. Nutsa & Ying, Ma & Tsaloukidis, A. Alexandros, 2023. "The impact of social class on out-of-school activities: Converging trends in parental choices?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    14. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    15. Hoon Choi & Alvaro Choi, 2015. "When one door closes: the impact of the hagwon curfew on the consumption of private tutoring in the Republic of Korea," Working Papers XREAP2015-06, Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP), revised Nov 2015.
    16. Kim, Edward & Goodman, Joshua & West, Martin R., 2024. "Kumon In: The Recent, Rapid Rise of Private Tutoring Centers," IZA Discussion Papers 17178, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Sieverding, Maia & Krafft, Caroline & Elbadawy, Asmaa, 2017. "“The Teacher Does Not Explain in Class”: An Exploration of the Drivers of Private Tutoring in Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 135, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    18. Naoi, Michio & Akabayashi, Hideo & Nakamura, Ryosuke & Nozaki, Kayo & Sano, Shinpei & Senoh, Wataru & Shikishima, Chizuru, 2021. "Causal effects of family income on educational investment and child outcomes: Evidence from a policy reform in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    19. Jarvis, Jonathan A. & Read, Amy R. & Dufur, Mikaela J. & Pribesh, Shana, 2022. "Impacts of family structure on shadow education and educational achievement among South Korean youth," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    20. Yuhe Guo & Qihui Chen & Shengying Zhai & Chunchen Pei, 2020. "Does private tutoring improve student learning in China? Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(3), pages 322-343, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:8037-:d:438220. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.