IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i18p6485-d409617.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism

Author

Listed:
  • Heesup Han

    (College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea)

  • Amr Al-Ansi

    (College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea)

  • Bee-Lia Chua

    (Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Beenish Tariq

    (NUST Business School, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Aleksandar Radic

    (Independent Researcher, Gornji kono 8, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia)

  • Su-hyun Park

    (Department of Hotel and Tourism, Incheon Jaeneung University, 178, Jaeneung-ro, Dong-gu, Incheon 22574, Korea)

Abstract

The tourism industry has been seriously suffering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis ever since its outbreak. Given this pandemic situation, the major aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that clearly explains the US international tourists’ post-pandemic travel behaviors by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB). By utilizing a quantitative process, the TPB was successfully broadened by incorporating the travelers’ perceived knowledge of COVID-19, and it has been deepened by integrating the psychological risk. Our theoretical framework sufficiently accounted for the US tourists’ post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international destinations. In addition, the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 contributed to boosting the prediction power for the intentions. The associations among the subjective norm, the attitude, and the intentions are under the significant influence of the tourists’ psychological risks regarding international traveling. The comparative criticality of the subjective norm is found. Overall, the findings of this study considerably enhanced our understanding of US overseas tourists’ post-pandemic travel decision-making processes and behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Heesup Han & Amr Al-Ansi & Bee-Lia Chua & Beenish Tariq & Aleksandar Radic & Su-hyun Park, 2020. "The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6485-:d:409617
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6485/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6485/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Verma, Vivek Kumar & Chandra, Bibhas & Kumar, Sumit, 2019. "Values and ascribed responsibility to predict consumers' attitude and concern towards green hotel visit intention," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 206-216.
    2. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    3. Jinsoo Hwang & Insin Kim & Muhammad Awais Gulzar, 2020. "Understanding the Eco-Friendly Role of Drone Food Delivery Services: Deepening the Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-12, February.
    4. Heesup Han & Amr Al-Ansi & Hyeon-Cheol Kim, 2019. "Perceived Inconveniences and Muslim Travelers’ Loyalty to Non-Muslim Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Han, Heesup & Hsu, Li-Tzang (Jane) & Sheu, Chwen, 2010. "Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 325-334.
    6. Han, Heesup, 2015. "Travelers' pro-environmental behavior in a green lodging context: Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned behavior," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 164-177.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fedeli Giancarlo & Tavares Jean Max & Kumail Tafazal, 2024. "Bridging Information Gaps: Public Sector Intervention in Tourism Promotion during Crises – A Game Theory Approach," Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14.
    2. Chaojun Li & Xinjia Huang, 2022. "How Does COVID-19 Risk Perception Affect Wellness Tourist Intention: Findings on Chinese Generation Z," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Zhang, Ning & Wu, Yiping & Rong, Jian & Shao, Juan & Chen, Jiayuan & Zhou, Chenjing, 2023. "Analysis of truckers’ intentions in choosing freeways or parallel national and provincial roads," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    4. Fandi Achmad & Yudha Prambudia & Augustina Asih Rumanti, 2023. "Improving Tourism Industry Performance through Support System Facilities and Stakeholders: The Role of Environmental Dynamism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, February.
    5. Yasser Tawfik Halim & Hazem Tawfik Halim & Mohamed Samy El-Deeb & Samia Adly El Sheikh, 2022. "An empirical investigation into people’s intention to participate in mega events tourism: applying mixture of two behavioral theoretical models," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-18, December.
    6. Rehab El Gamil, 2022. "Exploring Travel Behaviour Post-COVID-19: Towards a More Responsible Tourism," Academica Turistica - Tourism and Innovation Journal, University of Primorska Press, vol. 15(2), pages 203-216.
    7. Tai-Hsiang Chen & Lan-Lung (Luke) Chiang & Chen-Chung Ma & Chiu-Hua Chang, 2021. "Impact of a Banning Indoor Dining Policy on Restaurant Avoidance Behavior during the COVID-19 Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.
    8. Wei Quan & Jichul Jang & Aleksandar Radic & Antonio Ariza-Montes & Heesup Han, 2023. "Safe Destination Choice Among Tourism-Product Consumers in the New Era of Tourism," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, October.
    9. Heesup Han & Hong Ngoc Nguyen & Sanghyeop Lee & Wei Quan, 2024. "Impact of the destination image and government policy responsiveness of China on Korean travelers’ destination trust and behaviors in the post-pandemic era," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    10. Jiayi Liu & Zhikai Peng & Xiaoxi Cai & You Peng & Jiang Li & Tao Feng, 2021. "Students’ Intention of Visiting Urban Green Spaces after the COVID-19 Lockdown in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    11. Xin, Xiuying & Jia, Ning & Ling, Shuai & He, Zhengbing, 2023. "The effect of the ‘yield to pedestrians’ policy on risky pedestrian behaviors: Is it a ‘two-edged sword’?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    12. Chryssoula Konstantopoulou & Sotirios Varelas & Panagiotis Liargovas, 2024. "Well-Being and Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review," Economies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-18, October.
    13. Noveri Maulana & Rifelly Dewi Astuti & Hariyadi B. Sukamdani & Prijono Tjiptoherijanto, 2022. "Risk Perception in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic Era: An Analysis of Tourist Accommodation and Travel Behavior in the New Normal Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-16, November.
    14. Mengtian Zhang & Huiling Wang, 2024. "Exploring the Factors Affecting Farmers’ Willingness to Cultivate Eco-Agriculture in the Qilian Mountain National Park Based on an Extended TPB Model," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-24, March.
    15. Mohd Azhar & Sehar Nafees & Sujood & Sheeba Hamid, 2023. "Understanding post-pandemic travel intention toward rural destinations by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB)," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, December.
    16. Li Sun & Jin Chen & Xiankai Huang, 2024. "Navigating Health-Related Crises: Unraveling the Role of Confidence in Tourism Recovery in Shaping Sustainable Strategies for Tourists’ Intentions across Pandemic Phases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-25, September.
    17. Taeuk Kim & Jungwoo Ha, 2023. "Applying a Goal-Directed Behavior Model to Determine Risk Perception of COVID-19 and War on Potential Travelers’ Behavioral Intentions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    18. Pengfei Zhao & Lingxiang Wei & Dong Pan & Jincheng Yang & Yuchuan Ji, 2023. "Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Low-Carbon Travel Behaviors of Urban Residents in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Zhenjiang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Samah Ibnou-Laaroussi & Husam Rjoub & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "Sustainability of Green Tourism among International Tourists and Its Influence on the Achievement of Green Environment: Evidence from North Cyprus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-24, July.
    2. Nketiah, Emmanuel & Song, Huaming & Cai, Xiang & Adjei, Mavis & Adu-Gyamfi, Gibbson & Obuobi, Bright, 2022. "Citizens’ intention to invest in municipal solid waste to energy projects in Ghana: The impact of direct and indirect effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    3. Han, Heesup & Hyun, Sunghyup Sean, 2018. "What influences water conservation and towel reuse practices of hotel guests?," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 87-97.
    4. Winitra Leelapattana & Shih-Yun Hsu & Weerapon Thongma & Chun Chen & Fu-Mei Chiang, 2019. "Understanding the Impact of Environmental Education on Tourists’ Future Visit Intentions to Leisure Farms in Mountain Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Farzana Sharmin & Mohammad Tipu Sultan & Alina Badulescu & Dorin Paul Bac & Benqian Li, 2020. "Millennial Tourists’ Environmentally Sustainable Behavior Towards a Natural Protected Area: An Integrative Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-24, October.
    6. Dionysis Skarmeas & Constantinos N. Leonidou & Charalampos Saridakis & Giuseppe Musarra, 2020. "Pathways to Civic Engagement with Big Social Issues: An Integrated Approach," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 164(2), pages 261-285, June.
    7. Jinsoo Hwang & Jinkyung-Jenny Kim, 2021. "Edible Insects: How to Increase the Sustainable Consumption Behavior among Restaurant Consumers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-16, June.
    8. Bianchi, Constanza & Milberg, Sandra & Cúneo, Andres, 2017. "Understanding travelers' intentions to visit a short versus long-haul emerging vacation destination: The case of Chile," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 312-324.
    9. Lin, Li-Pin (Lynn) & Yu, Chia-Yuan & Chang, Fu-Chen, 2018. "Determinants of CSER practices for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: From the perspectives of administrative managers in tour operators," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 1-12.
    10. Mohd Azhar & Sehar Nafees & Sujood & Sheeba Hamid, 2023. "Understanding post-pandemic travel intention toward rural destinations by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB)," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, December.
    11. Jinsoo Hwang & Insin Kim & Muhammad Awais Gulzar, 2020. "Understanding the Eco-Friendly Role of Drone Food Delivery Services: Deepening the Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-12, February.
    12. Jing Li & Chia-Chien Hsu & Ching-Torng Lin, 2019. "Leisure Participation Behavior and Psychological Well-Being of Elderly Adults: An Empirical Study of Tai Chi Chuan in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-19, September.
    13. Faiq Aziz & Ahmad Aizuddin Md Rami & Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh & Seyedali Ahrari, 2021. "Effects of Emotions and Ethics on Pro-Environmental Behavior of University Employees: A Model Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-17, June.
    14. Arun T. M. & Puneet Kaur & Stefano Bresciani & Amandeep Dhir, 2021. "What drives the adoption and consumption of green hotel products and services? A systematic literature review of past achievement and future promises," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(5), pages 2637-2655, July.
    15. Saeed Pahlevan Sharif & Paolo Mura, 2019. "Narratives on Facebook: the impact of user-generated content on visiting attitudes, visiting intention and perceptions of destination risk," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 139-163, June.
    16. Diana Puspita Sari & Nur Aini Masruroh & Anna Maria Sri Asih, 2021. "Consumer Intention to Participate in E-Waste Collection Programs: A Study of Smartphone Waste in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-28, March.
    17. Patel, Jayesh D. & Trivedi, Rohit H. & Yagnik, Arpan, 2020. "Self-identity and internal environmental locus of control: Comparing their influences on green purchase intentions in high-context versus low-context cultures," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    18. Heesup Han, 2020. "Theory of green purchase behavior (TGPB): A new theory for sustainable consumption of green hotel and green restaurant products," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(6), pages 2815-2828, September.
    19. Maria-Ana Georgescu & Emilia Herman, 2020. "Are Young People Ready to Have a Pro-Environmental Sustainable Behaviour as Tourists? An Investigation of Towel Reuse Intention," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-20, November.
    20. Pei Ling Sung & Teng Yuan Hsiao & Leo Huang & Alastair M. Morrison, 2021. "The influence of green trust on travel agency intentions to promote low‐carbon tours for the purpose of sustainable development," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 1185-1199, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6485-:d:409617. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.