IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i17p6193-d404322.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sport Promotion through Sport Mega-Events. An Analysis for Types of Olympic Sports in London 2012

Author

Listed:
  • Themistocles Kokolakakis

    (Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK)

  • Fernando Lera-Lopez

    (Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Navarra, Spain)

Abstract

A substantial amount of attention has been devoted towards the potential sport legacy of the Olympic Games. In spite of the increasing academic interest in this topic, there is a knowledge gap as far as sport legacy is concerned by types of different sports. The authors bridge this gap by analysing the evolution of 43 different Olympic/Paralympic sport modalities in the two-year period after the London 2012 Olympics. By using data from the Active People Survey with a sample of 165,000 people annually, and considering some demographic variables and the effect of the economic environment, the paper aims to test the existence of a sport legacy. We have applied time series analysis and ARIMA models for controlling for economic influence and seasonal adjustment and for making comparisons among participation rates. The results show, for the total of the sports analysed, that there were 336,000 individuals who increased their frequency of participation, while there was no significant increase in the number of new participants in these sports. When we develop the analysis for types of sports, London 2012 is positively associated not only with the frequency of participation in some types of sport but also with an increase in the number of new sport participants. Gender and age differences are also detected. The results show the differences of sport legacy by type of sports. Moreover, this research has elucidated an important unrecognised aspect of the effect of the Olympic Games and perhaps major events: that they can become a major policy tool for reversing sporting inequalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Themistocles Kokolakakis & Fernando Lera-Lopez, 2020. "Sport Promotion through Sport Mega-Events. An Analysis for Types of Olympic Sports in London 2012," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6193-:d:404322
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6193/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6193/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Byers, Terri & Hayday, Emily & Pappous, Athanasios (Sakis), 2020. "A new conceptualization of mega sports event legacy delivery: Wicked problems and critical realist solution," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 171-182.
    2. Cabane Charlotte & Lechner Michael, 2015. "Physical Activity of Adults: A Survey of Correlates, Determinants, and Effects," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 235(4-5), pages 376-402, August.
    3. Themis Kokolakakis & Fernando Lera-López & Thanos Panagouleas, 2012. "Analysis of the determinants of sports participation in Spain and England," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(21), pages 2785-2798, July.
    4. Themis Kokolakakis & Fernando Lera-López & Thanos Panagouleas, 2012. "Analysis of the determinants of sports participation in Spain and England," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(21), pages 2785-2798, July.
    5. Kurumi Aizawa & Ji Wu & Yuhei Inoue & Mikihiro Sato, 2018. "Long-term impact of the Tokyo 1964 Olympic Games on sport participation: A cohort analysis," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 86-97, January.
    6. Aizawa, Kurumi & Wu, Ji & Inoue, Yuhei & Sato, Mikihiro, 2018. "Long-term impact of the Tokyo 1964 Olympic Games on sport participation: A cohort analysis," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 86-97.
    7. Terri Byers & Emily Hayday & Athanasios (Sakis) Pappous, 2020. "A new conceptualization of mega sports event legacy delivery: Wicked problems and critical realist solution," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 171-182, April.
    8. Felix Mutter & Tim Pawlowski, 2014. "Role models in sports – Can success in professional sports increase the demand for amateur sport participation?," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 324-336, July.
    9. Víctor Gómez & Agustín Maravall, 1998. "Guide for Using the Programs TRAMO and SEATS (Beta Version: December 1997)," Working Papers 9805, Banco de España.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ji Wu & Madeleine Orr & Kurumi Aizawa & Yuhei Inoue, 2021. "Language Relativity in Legacy Literature: A Systematic Review in Multiple Languages," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Cabane Charlotte & Lechner Michael, 2015. "Physical Activity of Adults: A Survey of Correlates, Determinants, and Effects," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 235(4-5), pages 376-402, August.
    3. García, Jaume & Suárez, María José, 2023. "The relevance of specification assumptions when analyzing the drivers of physical activity practice," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    4. Luke R. Potwarka & Pamela Wicker, 2020. "Conditions under Which Trickle-Down Effects Occur: A Realist Synthesis Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Jeongbeom Hahm & Tae-Ahn Kang & Hirotaka Matsuoka, 2021. "Understanding the Relationship between Past Experience of a Sports Mega-Event and Current Spectatorship: The Mediating Role of Nostalgia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, March.
    6. Jaume Garcia-Villar & María José Suarez, 2021. "The Relevance of the Specification Assumptions when Modelling the Correlates of Physical Activity: an Analysis across Dimensions," Working Papers 1296, Barcelona School of Economics.
    7. Kokolakakis, Themis & Lera-López, Fernando & Ramchandani, Girish, 2019. "Did London 2012 deliver a sports participation legacy?," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 276-287.
    8. Potwarka, Luke R. & Snelgrove, Ryan & Drewery, David & Bakhsh, Jordan & Wood, Laura, 2020. "From intention to participation: Exploring the moderating role of a voucher-based event leveraging initiative," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 302-314.
    9. Jaume Garcia Villar & María José Suárez, 2021. "The relevance of the specification assumptions when modelling the correlates of physical activity: an analysis across dimensions," Economics Working Papers 1804, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    10. Humphreys, Brad & Ruseski, Jane & Zhou, Li, 2015. "Physical Activity, Present Bias, and Habit Formation: Theory and Evidence from Longitudinal Data," Working Papers 2015-6, University of Alberta, Department of Economics.
    11. Felipe Magno & Carla Schwengber ten Caten & Alberto Reinaldo Reppold Filho & Aline Marian Callegaro & Alan de Carvalho Dias Ferreira, 2020. "Factors Related to Sports Participation in Brazil: An Analysis Based on the 2015 National Household Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.
    12. C. P. Barros & O. H. dos S. Figueiredo & Silvestre Dumbo, 2016. "A performance assessment of the Angolan soccer league," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(29), pages 2711-2720, June.
    13. Prudky Ivan, 2022. "The Social and Economic Importance of Sports," Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy, Sciendo, vol. 68(3), pages 61-71, September.
    14. Yao Zhang & Jin Yan & Xiao Jin & Hongying Yang & Ying Zhang & Huijun Ma & Rui Ma, 2023. "Sports Participation and Academic Performance in Primary School: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-14, February.
    15. Guizhen He & Gulijiazi Yeerkenbieke & Yvette Baninla, 2020. "Public Participation and Information Disclosure for Environmental Sustainability of 2022 Winter Olympics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-27, September.
    16. Florian Moussi-Beylie, 2023. "The trickle-down theory: a reality in French sports?," TEPP Working Paper 2023-04, TEPP.
    17. Carlos Pestana Barros & Nicolas Peypoch & Scott Tainsky, 2014. "Cost efficiency of French soccer league teams," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(8), pages 781-789, March.
    18. Lera-López, Fernando & Suárez, María José, 2012. "Deporte activo y pasivo: ¿Una relación de conveniencia?/Active and Passive Sport: Is it a Marriage of Convenience?," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 30, pages 489-512, Agosto.
    19. Franziska K. Kruse & Wolfgang Maennig, 2019. "Yellow Cards and Suspension by Choice: Determinants and Asymmetries," Working Papers 064, Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg.
    20. Pengfei Shi & Alan Bairner, 2022. "Sustainable Development of Olympic Sport Participation Legacy: A Scoping Review Based on the PAGER Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-17, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6193-:d:404322. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.