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Impacts of Anthropogenic Changes on the Mun River Water: Insight from Spatio-Distributions and Relationship of C and N Species in Northeast Thailand

Author

Listed:
  • Jinke Liu

    (School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Guilin Han

    (School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Xiaolong Liu

    (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China)

  • Man Liu

    (School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Chao Song

    (The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Qian Zhang

    (School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Kunhua Yang

    (School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Xiaoqiang Li

    (School of Scientific Research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

C and N species, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NO 3 − and NH 4 + contents in 57 river water samples collected from the Mun River of Thailand were measured to determine the relationships between these dissolved load species and their impacts on the environment. DOC values varied between 1.71 and 40.08 mg/L, averaging 11.14 mg/L; DON values ranged from 0.20 to 1.37 mg/L, with an average value of 0.48 mg/L; NO 3 − -N values averaged 0.18 mg/L; and NH 4 + -N values averaged 0.15 mg/L. DOC contents increased while DON and NO 3 − values decreased along the flow direction. The concentrations of NH 4 + maintained the same level in the whole watershed. DOC and DON values exhibited clearly higher concentrations in comparison with other rivers worldwide and were inextricably linked with anthropogenic inputs. The relationships of DOC, DON, and anthropogenic ions imply that there are two different anthropogenic sources (industrial activities and agricultural activities) of the dissolved load in the Mun River watershed. The limited correlations between the DON, NO 3 − , and NH 4 + indicate that the N species are not dominated by a single factor, and reciprocal transformations of riverine N pool are complex. Based on the environmental water quality standard reported by the EC (European Communities) and the World Health Organization, assessments of the water quality using the parameters of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NO 3 − , NH 4 + , and TN (total nitrogen) in the Mun River were conducted. The results demonstrate that the river water faces potential environmental pollution, and anthropogenic inputs endanger local water quality and the aquatic community. Therefore, the local government should restrict and reduce the anthropogenic inputs discharged in to rivers, and launch long-term monitoring of water quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinke Liu & Guilin Han & Xiaolong Liu & Man Liu & Chao Song & Qian Zhang & Kunhua Yang & Xiaoqiang Li, 2019. "Impacts of Anthropogenic Changes on the Mun River Water: Insight from Spatio-Distributions and Relationship of C and N Species in Northeast Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:4:p:659-:d:208500
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhonghe Zhao & Gaohuan Liu & Qingsheng Liu & Chong Huang & He Li, 2018. "Studies on the Spatiotemporal Variability of River Water Quality and Its Relationships with Soil and Precipitation: A Case Study of the Mun River Basin in Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Jeffrey E. Richey & John M. Melack & Anthony K. Aufdenkampe & Victoria M. Ballester & Laura L. Hess, 2002. "Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO2," Nature, Nature, vol. 416(6881), pages 617-620, April.
    3. Keller, David P. & Hood, Raleigh R., 2011. "Modeling the seasonal autochthonous sources of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the upper Chesapeake Bay," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(5), pages 1139-1162.
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