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Stomatal Conductance Measurement for Toxicity Assessment in Zero-Effluent Constructed Wetlands: Effects of Landfill Leachate on Hydrophytes

Author

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  • Andrzej Białowiec

    (Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jacek A. Koziel

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Piotr Manczarski

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

In this research, we explore for the first time the use of leaf stomatal conductance (g s ) for phytotoxicity assessment. Plants respond to stress by regulating transpiration. Transpiration can be correlated with stomatal conductance when the water vapor pressure gradient for transpiration is constant. Thus, our working hypothesis was that the g s measurement could be a useful indicator of the effect of toxic compounds on plants. This lab-scale study aimed to test the measurement of g s as a phytotoxicity indicator. Our model plants were two common hydrophytes used in zero-effluent constructed wetlands for treating landfill leachate. The toxic influence of two types of leachate from old landfills (L1, L2) on common reed ( Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) and sweet flag ( Acorus calamus L.) was tested. The g s measurements correlated well with plant response to treatments with six solutions (0 to 100%) of landfill leachate. Sweet flag showed higher tolerance to leachate solutions compared to common reed. The estimated lowest effective concentration (LOEC) causing the toxic effect values for these leachates were 3.94% of L1 and 5.76% of L2 in the case of reed, and 8.51% of L1 and 10.44% of L2 in the case of sweet flag. Leachate L1 was more toxic than L2. The leaf stomatal conductance measurement can be conducted in vivo and in the field. The proposed approach provides a useful parameter for indicating plant responses to the presence of toxic factors in the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrzej Białowiec & Jacek A. Koziel & Piotr Manczarski, 2019. "Stomatal Conductance Measurement for Toxicity Assessment in Zero-Effluent Constructed Wetlands: Effects of Landfill Leachate on Hydrophytes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-7, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:468-:d:203732
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrzej Białowiec & Monika Micuda & Jacek A. Koziel, 2018. "Waste to Carbon: Densification of Torrefied Refuse-Derived Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
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    1. Aleksandra Wdowczyk & Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska, 2022. "Micro- and Macroelements Content of Plants Used for Landfill Leachate Treatment Based on Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllum demersum," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-22, May.

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