IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i23p4819-d292600.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Barouch Giechaskiel

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Pierre Bonnel

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Adolfo Perujo

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Panagiota Dilara

    (European Commission, DG-GROW, 1040 Brussels, Belgium)

Abstract

Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty engines, avoiding the high costs of removing the engine and testing it on a dynamometer in the laboratory. In Europe, the in-service conformity of heavy-duty engines has been checked with PEMS for gaseous pollutants since 2014. To strengthen emissions regulations with a view to minimise the differences between on-road and laboratory emission levels in some cases, PEMS testing, including solid particle number (SPN), was introduced for the type-approval of light-duty vehicles in Europe in 2017 and for in-service conformity in 2019. SPN-PEMS for heavy-duty engines will be introduced in 2021. This paper gives an overview of the studies for SPN-PEMS from early 2013 with the first prototypes until the latest testing and improvements in 2019. The first prototype diffusion charger (DC) based systems had high differences from the reference laboratory systems at the first light-duty vehicles campaign. Tightening of the technical requirements and improvements from the instrument manufacturers resulted in differences of around 50%. Similar differences were found in an inter-laboratory comparison exercise with the best performing DC- and CPC- (condensation particle counter) based system. The heavy-duty evaluation phase at a single lab and later at various European laboratories revealed higher differences due to the small size of the urea generated particles and their high charge at elevated temperatures. This issue, along with robustness at low ambient temperatures, was addressed by the instrument manufacturers bringing the measurement uncertainty to the 50% levels. This measurement uncertainty needs to be considered at the on-road emission results measured with PEMS.

Suggested Citation

  • Barouch Giechaskiel & Pierre Bonnel & Adolfo Perujo & Panagiota Dilara, 2019. "Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-23, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4819-:d:292600
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/23/4819/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/23/4819/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Suganthi Jaganathan & Lindsay M. Jaacks & Melina Magsumbol & Gagandeep K. Walia & Nancy L. Sieber & Roopa Shivasankar & Preet K. Dhillon & Safraj Shahul Hameed & Joel Schwartz & Dorairaj Prabhakaran, 2019. "Association of Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Barouch Giechaskiel, 2018. "Solid Particle Number Emission Factors of Euro VI Heavy-Duty Vehicles on the Road and in the Laboratory," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Lifang Hou & Kai Zhang & Moira A. Luthin & Andrea A. Baccarelli, 2016. "Public Health Impact and Economic Costs of Volkswagen’s Lack of Compliance with the United States’ Emission Standards," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-6, September.
    4. Pier Mannuccio Mannucci & Massimo Franchini, 2017. "Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Developing Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-8, September.
    5. Francesca Borghi & Andrea Spinazzè & Sabrina Rovelli & Davide Campagnolo & Luca Del Buono & Andrea Cattaneo & Domenico M. Cavallo, 2017. "Miniaturized Monitors for Assessment of Exposure to Air Pollutants: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Barouch Giechaskiel & Tobias Jakobsson & Hua Lu Karlsson & M. Yusuf Khan & Linus Kronlund & Yoshinori Otsuki & Jürgen Bredenbeck & Stefan Handler-Matejka, 2022. "Assessment of On-Board and Laboratory Gas Measurement Systems for Future Heavy-Duty Emissions Regulations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Victor Valverde & Yosuke Kondo & Yoshinori Otsuki & Torsten Krenz & Anastasios Melas & Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa & Barouch Giechaskiel, 2023. "Measurement of Gaseous Exhaust Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles in Preparation for Euro 7: A Comparison of Portable and Laboratory Instrumentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Barouch Giechaskiel & Victor Valverde & Anastasios Melas & Michaël Clairotte & Pierre Bonnel & Panagiota Dilara, 2024. "Comparison of the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) of a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Vehicle at Different Routes in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Jacek Pielecha & Kinga Skobiej & Maciej Gis & Wojciech Gis, 2022. "Particle Number Emission from Vehicles of Various Drives in the RDE Tests," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Barouch Giechaskiel & Tero Lähde & Sawan Gandi & Stefan Keller & Philipp Kreutziger & Athanasios Mamakos, 2020. "Assessment of 10-nm Particle Number (PN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for Future Regulations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-16, May.
    6. Christian Engström & Per Öberg & Georgios Fontaras & Barouch Giechaskiel, 2022. "Considerations for Achieving Equivalence between Hub- and Roller-Type Dynamometers for Vehicle Exhaust Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-23, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Barouch Giechaskiel & Tero Lähde & Sawan Gandi & Stefan Keller & Philipp Kreutziger & Athanasios Mamakos, 2020. "Assessment of 10-nm Particle Number (PN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for Future Regulations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Xiang Wu & Lindong Liu & Xiaowei Luo & Jianwu Chen & Jingwen Dai, 2018. "Study on Flow Field Characteristics of the 90° Rectangular Elbow in the Exhaust Hood of a Uniform Push–Pull Ventilation Device," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Myung-Jae Hwang & Jong-Hun Kim & Hae-Kwan Cheong, 2020. "Short-Term Impacts of Ambient Air Pollution on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Korea Health Panel Survey Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Jagriti Saini & Maitreyee Dutta & Gonçalo Marques, 2020. "Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Systems Based on Internet of Things: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Mingguang Liu & Jue Zhang & Gaoyang Li, 2024. "Can Energy-Consuming Rights Trading Policies Help to Curb Air Pollution? Evidence from China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-24, August.
    6. Ahmad Alkhatib & Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi & Brian Mujuni & Geofrey Amanya & Charles Ibingira, 2021. "Preventing Multimorbidity with Lifestyle Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Challenge for Public Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, November.
    7. Wei Chen & Jian Chen & Guopeng Yin, 2022. "Exploring side effects of ridesharing services in urban China: role of pollution–averting behavior," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1007-1034, December.
    8. Oscilowicz, Emilia & Solís, Guadalupe A. & Martinez, Laura & Németh, Jeremy & Simon, Gregory L. & Makarewicz, Carrie & Dickinson, Katherine & McKenzie, Lisa M. & Scandlyn, Jean & Erices-Ocampo, Paulin, 2024. "The Role of Community Science in Addressing Policy Change: A Critical Review of Air Pollution Literature," SocArXiv mxv5k, Center for Open Science.
    9. Marc Fadel & Eliane Farah & Nansi Fakhri & Frédéric Ledoux & Dominique Courcot & Charbel Afif, 2024. "A Comprehensive Review of PM-Related Studies in Industrial Proximity: Insights from the East Mediterranean Middle East Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-44, October.
    10. Mattia Acito & Cristina Fatigoni & Milena Villarini & Massimo Moretti, 2022. "Cytogenetic Effects in Children Exposed to Air Pollutants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-17, May.
    11. Daniela Varrica & Maria Grazia Alaimo, 2022. "Determination of Water-Soluble Trace Elements in the PM 10 and PM 2.5 of Palermo Town (Italy)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.
    12. Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu & Gizachew Assefa Tessema & Ben Mullins & Bernard Kumi-Boateng & Michelle Lee Bell & Gavin Pereira, 2020. "Ambient Air Pollution, Extreme Temperatures and Birth Outcomes: A Protocol for an Umbrella Review, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-18, November.
    13. Dalia M. Muñoz-Pizza & Mariana Villada-Canela & M. A. Reyna & José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador & Jesús Serrano-Lomelin & Álvaro Osornio-Vargas, 2020. "Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Air Pollution Levels on the Public Perception of Local Air Quality in a Mexico-US Border City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-22, June.
    14. Balasooriya, Namal N. & Bandara, Jayatilleke S. & Rohde, Nicholas, 2022. "Air pollution and health outcomes: Evidence from Black Saturday Bushfires in Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    15. Jelonia T. Rumph & Victoria R. Stephens & Joanie L. Martin & LaKendria K. Brown & Portia L. Thomas & Ayorinde Cooley & Kevin G. Osteen & Kaylon L. Bruner-Tran, 2022. "Uncovering Evidence: Associations between Environmental Contaminants and Disparities in Women’s Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-22, January.
    16. Qin Song & Yu-Jun Zheng & Jun Yang, 2019. "Effects of Food Contamination on Gastrointestinal Morbidity: Comparison of Different Machine-Learning Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-12, March.
    17. Karl Kilbo Edlund & Felicia Killman & Peter Molnár & Johan Boman & Leo Stockfelt & Janine Wichmann, 2021. "Health Risk Assessment of PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 -Bound Trace Elements in Thohoyandou, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, February.
    18. Shankar Subramaniam & Naveenkumar Raju & Abbas Ganesan & Nithyaprakash Rajavel & Maheswari Chenniappan & Chander Prakash & Alokesh Pramanik & Animesh Kumar Basak & Saurav Dixit, 2022. "Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Forecasting Air Pollution and Human Health: A Narrative Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-36, August.
    19. Muhammad Zafar Yaqub & Rana Muhammad Shahid Yaqub & Tahira Riaz & Hani Abdulrehman Alamri, 2023. "Prolificacy of Green Consumption Orientation and Environmental Knowledge to Slash Plastic Bag Consumption: The Moderating Role of Consumer Attitudes and the Demarketing Efforts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-15, June.
    20. Kayan Clarke & Andres Manrique & Tara Sabo-Attwood & Eric S. Coker, 2021. "A Narrative Review of Occupational Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Farmworkers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-20, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4819-:d:292600. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.