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Exploring Evaluation Variables for Low-Cost Particulate Matter Monitors to Assess Occupational Exposure

Author

Listed:
  • Sander Ruiter

    (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Eelco Kuijpers

    (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • John Saunders

    (Health and Safety Executive (HSE), HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK)

  • John Snawder

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA)

  • Nick Warren

    (Health and Safety Executive (HSE), HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK)

  • Jean-Philippe Gorce

    (Health and Safety Executive (HSE), HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK)

  • Marcus Blom

    (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Tanja Krone

    (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Delphine Bard

    (Health and Safety Executive (HSE), HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK)

  • Anjoeka Pronk

    (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Emanuele Cauda

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA)

Abstract

(1) Background: Small, lightweight, low-cost optical particulate matter (PM) monitors are becoming popular in the field of occupational exposure monitoring, because these devices allow for real-time static measurements to be collected at multiple locations throughout a work site as well as being used as wearables providing personal exposure estimates. Prior to deployment, devices should be evaluated to optimize and quantify measurement accuracy. However, this can turn out to be difficult, as no standardized methods are yet available and different deployments may require different evaluation procedures. To gain insight in the relevance of different variables that may affect the monitor readings, six PM monitors were selected based on current availability and evaluated in the laboratory; (2) Methods: Existing strategies that were judged appropriate for the evaluation of PM monitors were reviewed and seven evaluation variables were selected, namely the type of dust, within- and between-device variations, nature of the power supply, temperature, relative humidity, and exposure pattern (peak and constant). Each variable was tested and analyzed individually and, if found to affect the readings significantly, included in a final correction model specific to each monitor. Finally, the accuracy for each monitor after correction was calculated; (3) Results: The reference materials and exposure patterns were found to be main factors needing correction for most monitors. One PM monitor was found to be sufficiently accurate at concentrations up to 2000 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 , with other monitors appropriate at lower concentrations. The average accuracy increased by up to three-fold compared to when the correction model did not include evaluation variables; (4) Conclusions: Laboratory evaluation and readings correction can greatly increase the accuracy of PM monitors and set boundaries for appropriate use. However, this requires identifying the relevant evaluation variables, which are heavily reliant on how the monitors are used in the workplace. This, together with the lack of current consensus on standardized procedures, shows the need for harmonized PM monitor evaluation methods for occupational exposure monitoring.

Suggested Citation

  • Sander Ruiter & Eelco Kuijpers & John Saunders & John Snawder & Nick Warren & Jean-Philippe Gorce & Marcus Blom & Tanja Krone & Delphine Bard & Anjoeka Pronk & Emanuele Cauda, 2020. "Exploring Evaluation Variables for Low-Cost Particulate Matter Monitors to Assess Occupational Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-18, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8602-:d:447738
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. Alastair Lewis & Peter Edwards, 2016. "Validate personal air-pollution sensors," Nature, Nature, vol. 535(7610), pages 29-31, July.
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