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Effectiveness of an Online CBT-I Intervention and a Face-to-Face Treatment for Shift Work Sleep Disorder: A Comparison of Sleep Diary Data

Author

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  • Lukas Peter

    (University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
    Faculty for Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Georg Simon Ohm, 90402 Nuremberg, Germany)

  • Richard Reindl

    (Faculty for Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Georg Simon Ohm, 90402 Nuremberg, Germany)

  • Sigrid Zauter

    (Faculty for Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Georg Simon Ohm, 90402 Nuremberg, Germany)

  • Thomas Hillemacher

    (University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany)

  • Kneginja Richter

    (University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
    Faculty for Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Georg Simon Ohm, 90402 Nuremberg, Germany
    Faculty for Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, 2000 Stip, Republic of North Macedonia)

Abstract

In western societies, about one in six employees works in shifts. Shiftwork is associated with a number of poor somatic and psychological health outcomes, especially sleep issues. Higher rates of absenteeism and accidents in the workplace are possible consequences. Still, prevention programs and treatment options that are specifically tailored to shift-workers’ needs are rare. We devised a 4-week online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) intervention ( n = 21) and compared sleep outcomes to a face-to-face outpatient treatment for shift-workers ( n = 12) using a sleep diary and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). In the online sample, measures also included the World Health Organization wellbeing questionnaire (WHO-5) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). In the outpatient sample, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered. Results showed significant improvements in sleep efficiency by 7.2% in the online sample and 7.7% in the outpatient sample. However, no significant difference was found in the rate of improvement in sleep efficiency across four weeks of treatment between the samples. In the online sample, the wellbeing (WHO-5) and insomnia symptoms (ISI) scores were significantly improved following the CBT-I intervention ( p < 0.004 and p < 0.002 respectively). In the outpatient sample, symptoms of depression (BDI-II and MADRS scores) and insomnia symptoms (PSQI scores) improved significantly following the CBT-I intervention. In summary, CBT-I significantly improved sleep efficiency in both the online and outpatient samples, in addition to wellbeing, symptoms of insomnia, and depression. The findings of this study demonstrate online CBT-I as a feasible approach for treating insomnia in shift-workers. Future randomized controlled trials are needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Lukas Peter & Richard Reindl & Sigrid Zauter & Thomas Hillemacher & Kneginja Richter, 2019. "Effectiveness of an Online CBT-I Intervention and a Face-to-Face Treatment for Shift Work Sleep Disorder: A Comparison of Sleep Diary Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:17:p:3081-:d:260684
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Rhodes, Anne E. & Goering, Paula N. & To, Teresa & Williams, J. Ivan, 2002. "Gender and outpatient mental health service use," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 1-10, January.
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    1. Caitlin R. Semsarian & Gabrielle Rigney & Peter A. Cistulli & Yu Sun Bin, 2021. "Impact of an Online Sleep and Circadian Education Program on University Students’ Sleep Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Chin Moi Chow, 2020. "Sleep and Wellbeing, Now and in the Future," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-4, April.
    3. María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes & María del Mar Molero Jurado & María del Mar Simón Márquez & José Jesús Gázquez Linares, 2019. "Analysis of Sociodemographic and Psychological Variables Involved in Sleep Quality in Nurses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Antje Büttner-Teleagă & Youn-Tae Kim & Tiziana Osel & Kneginja Richter, 2021. "Sleep Disorders in Cancer—A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-38, November.
    5. Alyssa T. Brooks & Shravya Raju & Jennifer J. Barb & Narjis Kazmi & Subhajit Chakravorty & Michael Krumlauf & Gwenyth R. Wallen, 2020. "Sleep Regularity Index in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Daytime Napping and Mood Disorders as Correlates of Interest," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-16, January.

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